1. Buffalo Reading and Activities
Answer the 3 questions for the “Buffalo and Native Americans” reading here.
Write your point of view paragraph here.
Step 1: You will need one sheet of white paper to complete the following assignments plus a packet of information.
Step 2: Read the passage “Buffalo and Native Americans”. Answer the 3 questions that follow in complete sentences on ½ of one side of the white paper.
Step 3: Look at the handout that shows how Native Americans used various parts of the buffalo. Follow the instructions to complete a brace map on one side of your white paper.
Step 4: Follow the instructions to complete the point of view paragraph on ½ of your white paper.
ALL work should be done with your best handwriting. Do NOT turn in work that is incomplete or not neat.
SIDE 1
Complete your buffalo brace map here.
SIDE 2
Thinking Maps: The Brace Map used for identifying Part-Whole Relationships

2. “Buffalo and Native Americans”
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
Buffalo was of the greatest importance to the Comanches, Kiowas, and Apaches. The Great Plains on which the buffalo roamed stretched from Canada into southern Texas. Before the arrival of Europeans, American Indian groups farmed on the edges of the plains. From time to time they entered the plains to hunt the buffalo. These animals were enormous—some weighed 1,600 pounds and were 6 feet tall at the shoulder and 10 feet long.
They ate every part of the animal except the skin, hooves, and bones and used these parts that they didn’t eat in other ways. Unless they were starving, the hunting tribes did not eat fish, wild fowl, dogs, or coyotes. Every spring the hunting tribes made new tepees of buffalo hides that had been fitted, sewn together, and painted with designs.
Buffalo hunting was done in the fall and spring when herds gathered on the plains in large numbers. In spring the buffalo were fat on the early grass, and in fall their hair was thicker.
When a herd was found by Indian scouts, camp was made – usually near a water hole.
Every night dances were held to insure the success of the hunt, and leaders were chosen in councils made up of all the braves. These councils decided all matters of importance to the tribe – feast times, hunts, wars, and peace treaties. The most successful warriors and hunters were chosen as leaders, and they were given much respect.
After young boys had scouted for the buffalo, parties of hunters encircled the herd, driving it into a small area enclosed by natural rock “fences” or into a corral built of brush and rocks. Bareback riders came close to the right side of a buffalo and shot an arrow into its flank downward behind the ribs. If the arrow was well aimed, it went into the heart and killed the animal quickly. Sometimes herd were stampeded over a cliff, and Indians waiting below would shoot or spear animals not killed in the fall.
Jumano men who hunted for buffalo had to travel through the Davis Mountains to the northern plains. Before horses were used, the hunters walked these long distances. Because buffalo were so large, hunters could not easily transport the bodies of animals they killed. Instead, they collected everything they could use off the body. They carried hides and meat from the hunt on their backs or hauled them with dog travois. Much of the meat was dried and cut into thin strips of jerky to keep it from spoiling on the journey home. If they needed to cross a river, they stretched hides over branches to make tub-shaped boats.
Buffalo hunting changed dramatically when the Spanish introduced horses to the region. By 1700 most southern Plains Indians owned horses. Once mounted, they moved out onto the plains to follow buffalo herds. Their hunting grounds had become much larger.
“Buffalo and Native Americans”

3. Please answer the following questions on your own paper
Please answer the following questions on your own paper. Write your answers in complete sentences. 
Identify and explain at least two ways the Native Americans used parts of the buffalo.
In your own words, explain the strategy used by the Native Americans to kill a buffalo.
What was introduced to the Native Americans that assisted them in hunting buffalo? How did this help the Native Americans?
Thinking Maps: The Brace Map used for identifying Part-Whole Relationships

4. The Buffalo Brace Map Shows Whole to Parts Relationship
Major Part 1
4 Sub Parts
Major Part 2
4 Sub Parts
Buffalo
Major Part 3
4 Sub Parts
Major Part 4
4 Sub Parts
Thinking Maps: The Brace Map used for identifying Part-Whole Relationships

5. Thinking Maps: The Brace Map used for identifying Part-Whole Relationships

6. List 4 ways the Indians use each part
The Buffalo Brace Map
Buffalo Part 1
Buffalo Part 2
List 4 ways the Indians use each part
Buffalo
Include 4 to 6 drawings of items created by the Native Americans from the buffalo:
Hand-drawn
Outlined
Colored
Buffalo Part 3
Buffalo Part 4
Thinking Maps: The Brace Map used for identifying Part-Whole Relationships

7. Point of View Paragraph
From the Point of View of (Pick One):
Native American Male {Hunter or Warrior}
Native American Female {Makes Clothes or Cooks}
Native American Child
Write a paragraph:
Tell what part of the buffalo that person thinks is the most important to the tribe.
Explain (2 more or more reasons) why they would think that part is the most important.
Include examples (2 or more) of the use of that part of the buffalo.
Be creative!
Thinking Maps: The Brace Map used for identifying Part-Whole Relationships