1. Development of the Central Nervous System Biomedic Dept
Development of the Central Nervous System Biomedic Dept. Medical School, Unisba

2. Origin of Nervous System
CNS-The brain and spinal cord
ectoderm neural epithelium.
Proliferation  neural plate  neural groove  neural fold  neural tube.

3. Proliferation  neural plate  neural groove  neural fold  neural tube.
Neural Tube  CNS (Brain&spinal cord)
Neural Crest  PNS & ANS(Cranial, spinal, autonomic ganglia)
The rest is neural crest .

5. Neuralation
Formation of the neural plate and neural tube(22-23 days)region of the fourth to sixth pairs of somite
Two third craniallyfuture brain
One third caudally spinal cord
Fusion of the neural folds  neural canalrostral neuropore (cranial)&caudal neuropore(

6. 1. Ektoderm 2. Neural tube bagian dorsal 3. Neural tube 4
1. Ektoderm 2. Neural tube bagian dorsal 3. Neural tube 4. Neural tube bagian ventral 5. Notochord

7. Gen-gen yang berperan dalam perkembangan neural tube
A Sensory Neuron
B Viscero sensory neuron/motoric
C Motoric neuron
Gen PAX3/7 berperan dalam perkembangan Alar plate
Gen PAX 6 berperan dalam perkembangan basal plate
Defisit dari gen ini menyebabkan Syndrome de Waardenburg

9. Development of The Spinal Cord

10. Development of The Spinal Cord
3 concentric zones:
Ependymal/ ventricularlayer (internal) nucleated , mitotic cells
Mantle/intermediate layer (middle) the cell bodies of neuron and neuroglial cells
marginal layer (outer) fibrous mass, processes of nerve cells.

12. Development of the Spinal Ganglia
Neural crest cellsSpinal ganglia
Peripheral process(dendrit)pass the spinal n. to sensory endings
Central processdorsal roots of spinal nerve
Myelination of nerve fiber oligodendrocyte

13. Development of spinal meningens
Positional changes of the spinal cord:
The vertebral column and duramater grow more rapidly than the spinal cordpositional spinal cord does not persist
New born(terminate L2/L3)& Adult (inferior L1)

14. Congenital anomalies of spinal cord

16. Development of The Brain

17. 1 Telencephalon 2 Diencephalon 3 Mesencephalon 4 Cerebellum 5 pons 4+5 Metencephalon 6 Myelencephalon(medulla oblongata) 7 Spinal cord I Prosencephalon II Mesencephalon III Rhombencephalon A Cerebral trunk  

18. Development of brain
Fusion of the neural folds in the cranial region & closure of the rostral neuropore form 3 primary brain vesicles
Primitive brain  straight
 three point of expansion:Forebrain,Midbrain&Hindbrain
fore brain (prosencephalon)
mid brain (mesencephalon)
hind brain (rhombencephalon).

19. Fourth week :embryonic brain grows rapidly and bends ventrally with the head fold
Flexure : cephalic/mid brain, cervical, pontine

20. MYELENCEPHALON
-Most caudal part called medulla oblongata
neuroblast(alar plate) marginal zone  gracili nuclei medially& cuneate nuclei laterally
-Continued into spinal cord.
-Vascular mesenchymechoiroid plexure .

21. Neuroblast(basal plate)medial tp lateral: general somatic efferent(hypoglosal nerve), special visceral efferent(innv. Muscle from pharyngeal arches), general visceral afferent(vagus & glossopharyngeal nerve)
Neuroblast(alar plate)1. general visceral afferent(impulses from the viscera) 2. special visceral afferent(taste fibers)3.general somatic aff. (Impulses from the surface of the head) 4. special somatic aff(impulses from the ear)

22. METENCEPHALON
-From isthmus to pontine flexure.
-Dorsal: cerebellum
-Ventral: pons
MESENCEPHALON
-Least modified
-Overshadowed by fore and hind brains

23. DIENCEPHALON. -Epithalamus,thalamus,hypothalamus.
-Evagination  epiphysis
-The wall optic chiasm
-Infundibulum  hypophysis.
TELENCEPHALON
-Paired cerebral hemisphere
-Three functions  corpus striatum,
rhinencephalon and pallium.

25. Congenital anomalies of brain
Anencephaly (Meroencephaly)
Microcephaly
Hydrocephalus

26. Cranium Development of cranium
Cranium develops from mesenchyme around the developing brain.
The cranium consists of:Neurocranium
Viscerocranium

27. Congenital anomalies of cranium
Cranium bifidum Acrania Holo-acrania

28. Vertebrae
Development of vertebral Mesenchymal cells are found in three main areas: around the notocord, surrounding the neural tube, and in the body wall Cartilaginous Stage Bony stage Notocord expands to form the gelatinous center of the intervertebral disc -- the nucleus pulposus

30. Congenital anomalies of vertebrae
Rachischisis
Spina Bifida

31. Alhamdulillah