1. Cell Theory Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665
Observed Cork through a microscope
There are three parts to Cell Theory
All Living things are made up of one or more cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure, physiology, and organization in living things.
Every cell arises from pre-existing cells.

3. Cells are the basic unit of Life
Cells are organized into tissues
Tissues are groups of cells that work together
Tissues are organized into organs and organ systems
Cells
Tissues
Organs and Organ Systems

4. Cells are the basic unit of Life
Adipose Tissue
A Human Heart is an Organ

5. Cells Arise from Pre-Existing Cells
Unicellular Organisms
Contain only one Cell
Production of a new cell results in a new organism
Multicellular Organisms
New cells arise for growth or to replace old damaged cells

6. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Found in bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotic Cells
Found in all other organisms
Plants and Animals

7. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotes
Lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
DNA is free floating in the cytoplasm in circular chromosomes
in a region called the nucleoid
Nucleoid lacks a membrane
Ribosomes are found in prokaryotic cells
Involved in Protein Synthesis
Cells are enclosed by a cell membrane
Barrier to unwanted chemicals
Involved in Communication with other cells
Most prokaryotic cells have a Cell Wall as well

8. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotes
Found in Plants, animals, fungi, and Protists
Contain organelles enclosed in membranes
Organelles are subcellular structures that perform specific tasks for the cell
DNA is contained in a nucleus

9. Animal Cell Organelles

10. Nucleus All Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus Contains DNA
Occupies 20% of the volume of the cell
Covered by a double layered membrane called a Nuclear Envelope
Has pores that allow the transport of molecules in and out of the nucleus
DNA is organized into chromosomes in the nucleus
C’somes consist of DNA, proteins, and some RNA
Makes a complex called Chromatin

11. Nucleus Functions of the Nucleus Include: Organization of DNA
Protection of DNA
Expression of DNA
Nucleolus
Where ribosomes are made
Ribosomes are made of RNA
Important for making proteins

12. Endoplasmic Recticulum (ER)
Rough Endoplasmic Recticulum
Site of Protein synthesis
Contains ribosomes on its surface
Smooth Endoplasmic Recticulum
Produces lipids
Detoxifies chemicals
Transports materials throughout the cell
Smooth ER Lacks Ribosomes

13. Golgi Apparatus
Modifies and packages proteins that were made from the ER and sends them to other parts of the cell

14. Mitochondria Power house of the cell
Inner membrane forms folds called cristae
Increases surface area
Functions of Mitochondria
Supply Energy for the cell
Through a process called Cellular respiration .
Process where Oxygen combines with food molecules and releases energy.
In the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

15. Cytoskeleton Function of the Cytoskeleton Helps maintain cell shape
Important for transporting molecules
Important in cell division
The cytoskeleton is made of three types of protein fibers:
Microfiliments
Intermediate Filiments
Microtubles

16. Cell Membrane Separates the inside from the outside of the cell
Made of fat molecules called phospholipids
Creates a phospholipid bilayer
Each phospholipid has hydrophobic (water fearing) tails and a hydrophilic head (water loving)

17. Other Animal Organelles
Lysosomes:
Structures that contain digestive enzymes
Vacules:
Fluid Filled structures that store nutrients, water, and waste
Usually larger in plant cells
Centrosomes
Cylindrical structures found in animal cells
Involved in cell division
Peroxisomes
Contain enzymes for metabolic reactions

18. Cilia and Flagella Cilia Used for: Cell Movement Moving substances
Sensory Devices
Flagella
Longer than cilia
Whip like movements propel the cell

19. Plant Cell Organelles Plant Cells have a Cell wall Made of cellulose
Functions:
Support
Protection
Chloroplasts
Produces sugars for the plant through a process called photosynthesis
Larger Vacuole
Maintain pressure to keep plant upright
Shortage of water causes vacuoles to shrink
Plant wilts

20. Assignment: 7-1 and 7-2
Page
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21. ACTIVITY Get into groups of 3-4 people
On one sheet of paper write down each person in your group
Comme up with an analogy that you could compare to the cell and its organelles
For Example: “The cell is like a factory.”
Once your group has an analogy list specific organelles and how the function of the organelle relates to your analogy
For Example: “The Golgi Apparatus is like the mail room of the factory. It receives proteins (mail) from the ER and delivers it to where it needs to go in the cell (factory).