1. A Tour of the Cell
Unit 2
Chapter 6

2. Introduction Videos Inner Life of The Cell
The Cell High School Biology
Inner Life of the Cell (Full Version Narrated)

3. All cells Have: A plasma membrane (cell membrane) Cytosol (cytoplasm)
Chromosomes
Ribosomes

4. Prokaryote Eukaryote No nucleus DNA in nucleoid No organelles
Small size
Primitive
Bacteria & Archaea
Has nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles
larger in size
More complex
Plant, animal, fungi, protist

5. Nucleus
Contains DNA
nuclear envelope: double membrane that surrounds nucleus
Continuous with the rough ER
Studded with pores
Nuclear pores: holes in nuclear envelope
Chromatin: complex of DNA + proteins; makes up chromosomes
Nucleolus: region where ribosomal subunits are formed

6. Nucleus Contains DNA Function: control center of cell
Surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope)
Continuous with the rough ER
Nuclear pores: control what enters/leaves nucleus
Chromatin: complex of DNA + proteins; makes up chromosomes
Nucleolus: region where ribosomal subunits are formed

7. Ribosome Protein synthesis Made of rRNA and protein
Constructed in nucleolus
Location
Free (cytosol)
Bound (rough ER)

8. Endomembrane System Includes: Nuclear envelope Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Vesicles
Vacuoles
Plasma membrane

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Two parts:
Rough ER:
Contains ribosomes
Continuous with outer nuclear membrane
Protein synthesis
Smooth ER:
Synthesis of lipids (phospholipids, steroids)
Carbohydrate metabolism (in liver glycogen to glucose)
Detoxifies drugs and poisons (liver enzymes)
Storage of Ca ions (muscle contractions)

10. Golgi Apparatus Parts Functions: Cis Face: products come in
Trans Face: products leave
Functions:
Manufactures certain macromolecules
Targets products for various parts of the cell
Sorts products for secretion

11. Lysosomes Sac of hydrolytic enzymes Functions: Diseases:
Intracellular digestion (phagocytosis)
Recycle cell’s own organic material (autophagy)
Programmed cell destruction (apoptosis)
Diseases:
Pompe’s disease: missing carbohydrase that breaks down glycogen. damages liver
Tay-sachs disease: missing lipase causes lipid accumulation in brain

13. Vacuoles Three Types: Food vacuole Contractile vacuole Central vacuole
phagocytosis, fuse with lysosomes
Contractile vacuole
in freshwater protists, pump excess H2O out of cell
Central vacuole
Cell sap: main repository of inorganic ions (K,Cl)
Cell growth as vacuole absorbs water

14. Peroxisomes digestive enzyme sacs in both animals & plants
breakdown fatty acids to sugars
detoxifies alcohol & other poisons
produce peroxide (H2O2) oxidases
H2 + O2  H2O2
Breakdown of peroxide by catalase
2H2O2  2H 2O +O2