1. The Holocaust
Outsiders in Germany: The Four Stages of Isolation

2. A History of Discrimination
Long before Hitler came to power, Jews experienced discrimination in Germany (and much of Europe)
In the aftermath of WWI, there were Germans looking for someone to blame
“HE IS GUILTY FOR THE WAR!”

3. A History of Discrimination
The growing Nazi movement used anti-Semitic feelings in Germany to promote their own agenda
Jews, along with Slavs, Poles, Roma, Mentally Disabled and host of ‘others’ were targeted and blamed for Germany’s problems
Portrayed as sub-human

4. “JEWS ARE OUR MISFORTUNE”
“60, 000 Marks is what this person with genetic defects costs the community during his lifetime. Fellow German, that’s your money too!”
“JEWS ARE OUR MISFORTUNE”
PROPAGANDA POSTER 1923

5. 4 Stages of Isolation Stripping of Rights Segregation Concentration
Extermination

6. Stage 1: Stripping of Rights
1935 the Nuremberg Laws did the following to Jews:
Citizenship Rights Stripped
Employment limited or denied
Banned from schools and Universities
Forced to carry identification cards
Forced to wear the yellow arm band – star of David
Jewish places of worship destroyed

8. Discrimination Becomes Official
Nazis were seen as liberators from “the enemy within”
Nazis used hatred as a tool to manipulate and control the German people; anyone opposed would be eliminated

9. Kristallnacht: “Night of the Broken Glass”
1938, the murder of German diplomat in Paris triggered violent riot targeting Jewish businesses and citizens
Jews across Germany were attacked and arrested on mass in an event that can be seen as the beginning of the holocaust

10. Kristallnacht: “Night of the Broken Glass”
SOME OF THE 20, 000 JEWS ARRESTED

11. BADGE WORN BY JEWS IN GERMANY
The Path of Genocide
After Kristallnacht it’s clear Jews will no longer be protected as authorities involved in violence
1935 Nuremberg Laws strip Jews of any rights
Nazis tried to force Jews to leave, but other countries wouldn’t accept them either
BADGE WORN BY JEWS IN GERMANY

12. Stage 2: Segregation
Jews were forced to live in designated areas called ghettos to isolate them from the rest of society
Ghettos were dirty, filthy places with extreme overcrowding
Disease was everywhere and food was in very short supply

13. Ghettoization Begins
1939, St. Louis left Hamburg travelled to six different countries and denied every time
Jews remaining in Germany were forced into Ghettos throughout the German Empire

15. Life in the Ghettos
400 Ghettos created to isolate, humiliate and control Jews
Unsanitary, very little food and water and violent
Warsaw Ghetto: , 000 people in 1.3 square miles

16. 450 000 People = Just A Bit Smaller than Scarborough 1
People = Just A Bit Smaller than Scarborough 1.3 square miles (see map)

17. Mobile Killing Machines
Einsatzgruppen (E-Squad) developed to follow German army into villages, find Jews or “undesirables” and systematically murder them
Small group of mostly educated soldiers; making “just following orders” argument difficult
Made repeated trips to same location to ensure all “undesirable” eliminated
Mobile Gas-vans were used to make the killing process more efficient; help lead to Gas Chambers

18. E-Squad Soldiers Murdering A Mother and Child

19. Stage 3: Concentration Camps
As Nazis invaded more territory and captured more Jews, shear numbers became a problem
Use of the Gas-vans lead to the development of gas- equipped chambers that could kill on mass
SEPARATED AT CAMPS:
Those considered too weak (elderly, children)
were often killed immediately while others
worked to death

20. Stage 4: Extermination Auschwitz
As inmates began to die from starvation and illness bodies were held in large chambers
Ventilation system used to vent foul smell
Process helped foster the notion of using chambers to kill en mass
MEMORIAL IN AUSCHWITZ
GAS CHAMBER

21. Concentration Camps
By the time the Allies found the camps many inmates were close to death
Altogether six million Jews were murdered by the Nazis along with countless other “undesirables”

22. And I Said Nothing
In Germany they first came for the communists and I didn’t speak up because I wasn’t a communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn’t speak up because I wasn’t a Jew. Then they came for the union leaders, and I didn’t speak up because I wasn’t a union leader. Then they came for the Catholics, and I didn’t speak up because I was a Protestant. Then they came for me and by that time no one was left to speak up.