1. Protein
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen form peptide linked amino acids
Essential from diet, nonessential synthesized by liver, or conditional depending on the needs of the body
Anabolism or building up and catabolism or breaking down of protein stores
Nitrogen is a waste product forming Ammonia, then excreted as Urea

7. Protein Function
Structure with muscle tissue, collagen, hair, nails, and cartilage
Growth and repair throughout the lifecycle through nitrogen positive balance
Range of motion, strength, endurance, and recovery with protein providing 4 kcals/gm
Conversion of stored amino acids to needed glucose via gluconeogenisis in the liver

12. Protein Function
Hormones such a insulin or cortisone for regulation of metabolic and neurological activity
Enzymes that act as catalysts for chemical reactions in body, such as DNA synthesis
Immunity and antibody production to fight foreign disease and infection
Circulatory transporters such as albumin and hemoglobin provide nutrients or oxygen

18. Protein Classification
Complete proteins are a food or combination of foods that have all 9 essential proteins
Typical complete proteins are animal sources, eggs, milk, chicken, fish, and beef
Soy is a plant based complete protein, butter has no protein, and gelatin lacks tryptophan
Incomplete proteins must be complemented to meet essential needs, like rice and beans

23. Protein Intake
High protein intake can lead to dehydration, kidney damage, and a risk to bone health
Vegetarians may need B12 and Iron supplements to prevent anemias
Protein intake with CHO improves glycemic control, slow digestion and blunt insulin release