1. Pronunciations of the Letters
There are 3 cavities and 2 organs needed to properly pronounce all 29 of the Arabic letters and they are:
1. The empty space in the throat and mouth- 3 letters
2. The pharynx /throat and larynx – 6 letters
3. The tongue – 17 letters
4. The lips- 3 letters
5. The nasal cavity- used in Qur’anic readings only 1

2. The empty space in the throat and mouth- 3 letters

4. The pharynx /throat and larynx – 6 letters
These letters come from the farthest end of the throat
These letters come from the front part of the throat
These letters come from the middle of the throat

5. Anatomy of the Throat
Front end or end part
Middle part
Farthest end

7. The tongue – 17 letters
Pronounced like their English counterparts

8. A thicker “t” where the tip of the tongue is placed on the gums behind the top incisors and the lips form a circular shape
Pronounced like their English counterparts
The edges of the tongue are pressed against the upper jaw/ teeth
The farthest end of the tongue is raised (upward to the upper jaw)

9. The head of the tongue should be between the top and bottom incisors and the lips should form a circular shape
A thicker “s” and is pronounced by placing the head of the tongue behind/ touching the bottom incisors and forming a circle with the lips
The tip of the tongue should be between the top and bottom incisors
Pronounced like their English counterparts

10. The lips- 3 letters
Pronounced like their English counterparts