1. BRAZIL
The Struggle for Unity, Economic Modernization and Upward International Mobility:

4. Regions of Brazil

5. REGIONS I The heartland The south (15% population, 17% GDP, 7% area)
(Southeast - 42% population, 60%GDP, 11% area)
The south (15% population, 17% GDP, 7% area)
The center-west ( 8% population, 6% GDP, 25% area)

6. Regions of Brazil

7. REGIONS II the north (6% population, 3% GDP, 40% area)
the northeast (29% population, 13%
GDP 18% area)

8. PEOPLE Amerindians Portuguese African-Brazilians Japanese
Other Europeans
Spanish
Germans
Italians

9. Road to INDEPENDENCE (1808 – 1824)
Portuguese Court taken by British fleet to Rio de Janeiro
Centralization under Joao VI
End of the Napoleonic Wars
British aid Brazilian Independence

10. Empire (1824-1889) Primacy of British Economic Influence
Plantation Economy
Coffee
Cacao
Sugar
Issue of Slavery
French Orientation of Royal Court
Conspiracy of the Fazenderos  

11. First Republic 1889-1930 Decentralization The Coffee Economy
Shift to São Paulo
Reinvestment of profits from coffee
Dominant States
São Paulo
Minas Gerias
Rio Grande do Sul

12. Rise of Getúlio Vargas The revolution of 1930
São Paulo revolt ( )
O Estado Novo ( )
Supression of embryonic democracy
Fascism “light”
Vargas becomes ally of the United States
U. S. troops use Natal as jumping off point to battle Rommel in North Africa
Brazil offers to send a division to fight along side of the United States

13. Brazilian Military in WW II
Saw Combat in Italy
After initial defeat performed well
Military valued its experience fighting by side of the U.S.

14. Overthrow of Getúlio Vargas
Returning military blames lack of preparation on Vargas
FEB overthrows O Estado Novo Brazilian
President Truman does nothing to “save” the Vargas government
Beginning of alienation between United States and the Brazilian left

15. Second Republic: Democracy Frustrated (1946-1964)
Constitution of 1946
Modeled on U.S. constitution
Structure so as not to threaten the large land owners of the Northeast
Political Parties
UND
PSD
PTB
Regional - local parties

16. Second Republic: Democracy Frustrated (1946-1964) Governments
Vargas: “The Last Hurrah” ( )
Vargas wins as candidate of PTB
Military officer corps remains suspicious
Efforts to advance social revolution frightens the middle class

18. BRASILIA

19. Mercurial Janio Quadros
Reform governor of São Paulo
First UDN presidential victory
Resignation frustrates the military and weakens the democratic regime

20. Mercurial Janio Quadros
Reform governor of São Paulo
First UDN presidential victory
Resignation frustrates the military and weakens the democratic regime

22. End of the Second Republic
Pressures for Military Intervention
Conflictual social polarization
Middle class fears of workers
Attempt to divide the military along officer – enlisted lines
Role of the United States government

23. Coup of March 31/April 1, 1964 Humberto Castelo Branco assumes power
Military demobilizes potential opponents
President Goulart flees to Uruguay
Key elected officials of PTB removed from office
“Demobilization” portrayed as temporary