1. Insects Grasshoppers

3. Grasshoppers Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Arthropoda
Class – Insecta largest class on earth live everywhere on earth but the oceans

4. Support and movement
Skeletal system – exoskeleton- one that is on the outside of the animal and it is divided into three parts (head, thorax, and abdomen)
They must molt in order to grow the skeleton doesn’t grow
Take on air to pop the skeleton to help to break free from it
When they molt they have a soft skeleton at first then the hardeners take over after several hours the skeleton is hard
Heavy and hard to get into small places
Protects it from the harsh environment

5. Muscle system
Movement (muscle system) – six legs (all insects have six legs)
two pair of wings
three pair of legs
jump and fly
muscles work these organs and allow it to be motile

6. Food intake
Digestive system – They have a mouth with specialized parts for chewing and breaking up food. They can also suck liquid with their mouth
Maxillae – upper lip – hold food salivary glands
Mandible – lower lip – chew food taste
Thorax – esophagus- crop – gizzard – midgut (stomach) – intestine – anus
Eat grass and other plant materials
Will eat small insects

7. Food removal
Excretory system – remove uric acid and liquid wastes by way of the malipighian tubes in the abdomen
solid waste leaves by way of the anus

9. Breathing intake of oxygen
Respiratory system - spiracles open and let Oxygen in the closed tracheal tubes located in the chest or thorax of the body. These open and close as the grasshopper walks and jumps.
cells that need oxygen then ask or request the oxygen and then the tubes funnel it to the ones that need it through out the body.
Partial closed system, not completely though

10. Blood Flow and movement of materials
Circulatory system – open system, blood pools to the needed areas and then is lost after that and absorbed by the body as wastes.
Aortic saddle (heart like organ)- enlarged area on the dorsal vessel that helps to pump blood to areas of the body
Oxygen is taken in by the tracheal tubes then passed to the vessels and pooled where needed

11. Responding to the environment
Nervous system – there are three nerve masses (ganglions) that work together to get information through-out the body.
taste Antennae (1 pair) yes
smell / feel Antennae (1 pair) yes
see Compound eye (2) yes
head has a cerebral ganglion (called the brain)
that senses vibrations
nerve cord to pull all the ganglions and nerves
together

12. New offspring
Reproductive system - They are sexual reproducers. They have sexes male or females.
females have an ovipositor to release eggs into the ground once they are fertilized
males insert the end of their tail into the female ovipositor and release sperm to fertilize the eggs.
Under ground the grasshopper eggs hatch and go through incomplete metamorphosis. (nymphs – young adults)

13. Reproduction (cont.)
Nymphs emerge from the ground and go through several molting before becoming an adult.
Sounds attract other grasshoppers to one another. These sounds are made by rubbing their legs together
They release pheromones into the air to attract other grasshoppers too for mating, this can also be used to warn others when something has is about to happen.

15. Types

25. Quiz 4 Draw and label the parts of a grasshopper.
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