1. What does each picture represent?
Why is this important in relation to China?
Farming Commune/The Great Leap Forward:
The hallmark of Chinese Communism. Mao ensured that the majority of citizens worked on communal farms, serving the communist state
Chairman Mao: the leader of the Communist Party of China.
President of China.
Students/Youth/The Cultural Revolution:
Mao’s power extended so far that he changed how people thought.

2. China after Chairman Mao

3. We are learning to…
Describe the ways Deng Xioping modernised China following Chairman Mao’s death
Explain why modernisation benefitted the Chinese people.
Structure exam style answers

4. I can… Accurately describe the Four Modernisations of China
Explain in detail, the positive effects of modernisation for Chinese citizens
Structure an exam style answer.

5. Chairman Mao was revered by the Chinese people as almost God-like.
When he died in 1978, there was great fear amongst the Chinese people that China would collapse and the country would be plunged into crisis.
Instead, the country changed dramatically!
The new President brought about many changes – modernisations – which helped to make China the international superpower it is today.

6. A New President; New Style
Discussion Point:
In what ways do the mottos of the two Presidents show their different approaches to ruling?
Following Chairman Mao’s passing, Deng Xiaoping became the leader of China.
pronounced dung sh-ow-ping
He was the leader of China from 1978 until 1992, when he retired due to ill health.
While Mao’s was ‘To serve the people’, Deng’s was ‘To get rich is glorious’.

7. TASK 1
TASK 2
Take a full page in your jotter and split it into 4 sections.
Label each section as follows:
- Agriculture
Defence
Science
Industry
You will be split into “expert” groups.
Each person will take a different Modernisation and go to the appropriate station.
Take detailed notes on the Modernisation you have been assigned in the allotted time.

8. Task 3
You must now report back to your group and explain your assigned Modernisation to the others. Fill in the rest of your tables using the info you have gained from your experts. As a group answer the following question: How did the Four Modernisations benefit the people of China?

9. Sort it Out!
Farmers had more incentive to farm, as they could make a profit. For the first time in Chinese history, there were no mass food shortages.
Many small farmers went out of business because they could not grow enough crops to compete with the large farms.
China is now the world’s largest producer of rice and wheat.
Large farms have become very successful, and have greatly improved the Chinese economy.
Many young men have abandoned rural areas because there are no jobs, and headed to the city to try and find work.
ADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGE
ADVANTAGE
ADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGE
Sort the five effects of the AGRICULTURE MODERNISATION into ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES and copy them into your jotter.

10. President Deng
Deng was a different leader to Mao and opened up China to the world as a source of cheap labour and cheap goods.
Deng was friendly with the leaders of certain rich countries such as the USA, UK and Japan and encouraged them to recommend companies to build factories to produce goods in China. He wanted the Communist Party to stay in control of China but also wanted life for Chinese people to be better than it was under Mao.

11. Recap: Industry
Under Mao, all factories and industrial plants were owned and run by the government. Everyone in urban areas was guaranteed a job for life in the government-run industries. The government set wages at a certain level for everyone, and dictated what job everyone did. In return, everyone had a job, medical care, company housing and enough food to eat. It was a system in which everyone had enough to live on, and no-one was able to get rich. This system was known as The Iron Rice Bowl.

12. He did this through The Open Door Policy.
Deng ended the Iron Rice Bowl, and moved towards a more Capitalist system, where private industry was allowed, and pay was linked to performance.
He also aimed to bring in foreign investment for the first time since Mao took power.
He did this through The Open Door Policy.
One of the most important parts of the Open Door Policy was the introduction of Special Economic Zones (SEZs). These are special areas where Chinese people and foreigners are encouraged to start businesses.

13. Most SEZs are on the Southeast coast of China, as raw materials can be imported easily, and completed goods can be exported easily.
Incentives are offered to encourage people to set up in these areas. These incentives include the businesses being sold land very cheaply, not paying tax until two years after they have started to make profits and no taxes on imported raw materials.

14. Recap: Industry Task What was the Iron Rice Bowl?
Why did Deng want to end the Iron Rice Bowl?
How did the Open Door Policy change Chinese industry?
What are Special Economic Zones?
What are the special incentives China offers to businesses in order to encourage them to set up in the SEZs?
Write down four examples of SEZs.

15. Four Modernisations for a Modern China…
Now that we are all EXPERTS in the Four Modernisations we should be able to answer exam style questions!

16. Many Countries have changed greatly over the last fifty years.
There are TWO types of exam style question in Modern Studies – Describe and Explain. You answer both using the same structure:
Many Countries have changed greatly over the last fifty years.
Describe, in detail, the ways China changed following Chairman Mao’s death
P.E.E
Point. Explain. Example

17. P.E.E Style Answer
‘Describe’ and ‘Explain’ questions.
Point: state clearly the point you are making.
Explain: explain the point in detail ensuring you refer back to the question.
Example: Give up to date examples to support your point.
POINT: One way that China has changed since Chairman Mao’s death is by modernising its military.
EXPLAIN: President Deng tried to cut down the number of soldiers it has, and has greatly increased the level of training and technology available. They have also greatly increased their defence spending.
EXAMPLE: Between 1996 and 2008, China increased its defence spending from less than $20 billion to more than $80 billion.

18. Many Countries have changed greatly over the last fifty years.
Describe, in detail, the ways China changed following Chairman Mao’s death
Create another P.E.E paragraph, using the information you have gained on either science, agriculture or industry.
If you are struggling, use the writing frame below:
POINT: One way that China has changed in the last fifty years by modernising its _____________________
EXPLAIN: This means that China has _____________________________________________EXAMPLE: For example,_______________________.

19. Jiang Zemin (President of China 1993-2003)
Jiang continued Deng’s modernisation of China. Under his leadership China became the largest growing economy in the world. He developed a theory called ‘Three Representations’ which allowed professionals, businessmen and entrepreneurs to join the Communist Party. This continued Deng’s idea that “to get rich is glorious”.

20. Xi Jinping (President of China 2013-Present)
Xi Jinping has continued with the modernisation of China. His ideas of ‘the Chinese Dream’ are the latest brand of ‘Socialism with Chinese Characteristics’. He wants to make the Chinese economy free but keep a tight hold on its political system.
It is believed that this will avoid social unrest and uprisings and lead to a ‘Harmonious Society’. Xi Jinping has been assertive in trying to stamp out corruption in the Communist party, he wants to spread the wealth to create a fairer society.

21. Source 1: CHINESE DAILY NEWS
EVALUATING SKILLS
Detecting the difference between viewpoints. Study sources 1 and 2 below and answer the question which follows:
Source 1: CHINESE DAILY NEWS
China is a socialist country with Chinese characteristics.
China is the fastest growing economy in the world. All people in China are equal and enjoy the same standard of living.
Human rights are important for China’s international reputation and the government has tried to improve this.
Source 2: USA TODAY
China has embraced capitalism and is no longer a socialist country.
It is getting richer more quickly than any other country in the world.
There is great inequality between the urban elite and poor rural peasants.
China has tried to improve her human rights reputation with foreign governments by engaging in talks with them on Foreign visits.
Give TWO differences between the views of source 1 and source 2.

22. HOMEWORK
Answer the following question, using the P.E.E method: Describe, in detail, the positive effects of Modernisation for the Chinese people (6 marks) Remember: P.E.E x 2 to gain 6 marks. Hint: You can use the same examples you used previously, as long as you say why they have helped Chinese people!

23. We are learning to…
Describe the ways Deng Xioping modernised China following Chairman Mao’s death
Explain why modernisation benefitted the Chinese people.
Structure exam style answers

24. Did I… Accurately describe the Four Modernisations of China
Explain in detail, the positive effects of modernisation for Chinese citizens
Structure an exam style answer.