1. Skill Acquisition – Section B
Guidance
Skill Acquisition – Section B

2. Information given to a performer to help improve performance
Form of guidance depends on:
Situation (facilities, time)
Nature of the skill/task/complexity
Ability of the performer (stage of learning)
Depends on level of danger
Depends on motivation
Depends on size of group;

3. What different methods can be used?
What is it?
Visual guidance
What different methods can be used?

4. Create a mental picture
Visual guidance
Create a mental picture
Observe:
Demonstration
Video
Pictures
slides
Area can be modified by cones, markings on the floor, visual targets, hoops

5. Examples of Visual Guidance
Live demonstration of coach/expert performance
Video of own performance (watch in slow motion)
Video of perfect model
Photographs/diagrams/computer simulation

6. Optimising the use of visual guidance;
Demonstrations must be accurate and clear
Not too lengthy/ complex for a beginner
Use a role model
Repeat the demonstration
Use slow motion where possible (videos)
Use with verbal guidance to focus on key points

7. Advantages Disadvantages
Good for beginners
Provides a clear idea of the movement patter
Specific cues can be highlighted
Disadvantages
Demotivation – cannot replicate
Information overload (novice)
Poor replication if the skill is inaccurate
Static forms of guidance soon lose impact

8. Verbal Guidance

9. Verbal guidance
Explaining the motor skills to be performed, or to provide feedback
Can be general or specific
Technique
Strategies

10. Optimising the use of verbal guidance
Information – clear and accurate
Limit amount of information given
Terminology relevant to the group
Use with visual guidance
Use immediately after performance

11. Advantages Disadvantages
Good for all stages of learning (if combined)
Useful for autonomous stage of learning
Immediate feedback
Focuses performer’s attention on specific cues
Disadvantages
Demotivation if they cannot perform the skill
Information overload
Hard for novice performers to understand
Movement may be difficult to explain
Difficult with large groups- boring
Over-reliance on feedback during and after performance

12. Manual Guidance Manual: physical support by another person
Example: holding
a persons legs in a
handstand
Coach holding the batsman’s arm

13. Factors to consider:
Avoid overuse – performer needs to develop their own kinaesthetic awareness
Combine with verbal guidance to focus on key points
Ensure movement patter is correct

14. Good for all stages of learning Reduces fear and build confidence
Advantages:
Good for all stages of learning
Reduces fear and build confidence
Helps reduce risk
Develop correct kinaesthetic awareness of movement patter
Disadvantages
Performer can become over reliant
Lack of intrinsic feedback may hinder the development of true awareness of the movement patter
Performer does not learn from their own mistakes
Difficult with large groups
Limited use in complex movements

15. Mechanical Guidance Mechanical: physical support by equipment
Examples:
Arm bands, floats, stabilisers, trampoline harness