1. CC213 Programming Applications
Week #1

2. Software Development Method
Specify problem requirements
Analyze the problem
Design the algorithm to solve the problem
Implement the algorithm
Test and verify the completed program
Maintain and update the program

3. Steps Defined
Problem - Specifying the problem requirements forces you to understand the problem more clearly.
Analysis - Analyzing the problem involves identifying the problem’s inputs, outputs, and additional requirements.
Design - Designing the algorithm to solve the problem requires you to develop a list of steps called an algorithm that solves the problem and then to verify the steps.
Implementation - Implementing is writing the algorithm as a program.
Testing - Testing requires verifying that the program actually works as desired.
Maintenance - Maintaining involves finding previously undetected errors and keep it up-to-date.

4. Converting Miles to Kilometers
Problem: Your boss wants you to convert a list of miles to kilometers. Since you like programming, so you decide to write a program to do the job.
Analysis
We need to get miles as input
We need to output kilometers
We know 1 mile = kilometers
Design
Get distance in miles
Convert to kilometers
Display kilometers

5. 4. Implementation

6. C Program structure
Function Header
Function Body

7. Identifiers Declarations
An identifier must consist only of letters, digits, and underscores.
An identifier cannot begin with a digit.
A C reserved word cannot be used as an identifier.
A standard identifier should not be redefined.
C compilers are case sensitive. (Rate, rate and RATE are viewed as different identifiers)
Valid identifiers: letter1, inches, KM_PER_MILE
Invalid identifiers: 1letter, Happy*trout,return

8. Giving a Value to a Variable

9. Output Function SYNTAX Examples :
printf( format string , print list ) ;
Printf(format string);
Place holder
printf(“That equals %f kilometers. \n”, kms);
printf(“enter the distance in miles> ”);
printf( “Hello, World?\n“);
Escape sequence

10. Output Function

11. Input Function SYNTAX Examples : scanf( format string , input list ) ;
Place holder
scanf(“%lf”, &miles);
Ampersand

12. Input Function

13. Programming Examples Example-1
Write a program to ask the user for the width and length of a piece of land and then tell him how many orange trees he can grow on it. Given that each orange tree requires 4 m2.

14. Programming Examples
#include <stdio.h> # define one_tree_space 4 int main() { int length,width, area, no_of_tree; printf(“Enter length of the land> ”); scanf(“%d”, &length); printf(“Enter width of the land> ”); scanf(“%d”, &width); area = length * width; no_of_tree = area / one_tree_space; printf(“The available number of trees is %d trees\n”, no_of_tree); return(0); }

15. Arithmetic Operators Division
the result of the division operator depends on the type of its operands
if one or both operands has a floating point type, the result is a floating point type. Otherwise, the result is an integer type
Examples / has value / has value / has value
15 / has value 5
16 / has value 5

16. Arithmetic Operators Modulus
the modulus operator % can only be used with integer type operands and always has an integer type result
its result is the integer type remainder of an integer division
EXAMPLE
3 % 5 = 3 5 % 3 = 2 4 % 5 = 4 5 % 4 = 1
5 % 5 = 0 6 % 5 = 1 7 % 5 = 2 8 % 5 = 3
15 % 6 = 3 15 % 5 = 0