1. Physical and Chemical Properties

2. Properties of Matter-Words to Know…

3. Mass
A measure of how much matter is in an object.

4. Weight
A measure of the force of gravity on an object.

5. Volume
The amount of space that matter occupies.

6. Density
The measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume.
Mass/Volume
I Density

7. Matter
Well, we know that all matter has mass (it’s made of stuff) and it
has volume (takes up an amount of space).
It doesn’t matter if it’s a flea
or a whale
…it’s made of matter. The most enormous stars and the tiniest,
microscopic air molecules are matter, too.

8. Can it be separated by physical means?
A. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes no
Can it be separated by physical means?
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Can it be decomposed by chemical means? no
yes
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element

9. All substances have properties… Including people!
Example:
People can be identified by their …
Face (shape, expressions)
Voice
Height
Finger prints
Eye color
Hair color
Teeth
DNA

10. What are properties? Matter has observable and measurable qualities.
We can use general properties to identify substances.
Two basic types of properties of matter: Physical properties and Chemical properties:

11. Physical Properties
Physical properties are used to identify, describe and classify matter.
Characteristic of a substance that can be observed (using your senses) without changing the substance into something else.

12. States of Matter
There are different “states” of matter. No, not like Texas, Oklahoma, Georgia. States of matter are also known as phases (a physical state of matter). Elements and compounds can move from one phase to another phase when special physical forces are present.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
GAS
SOLID
LIQUID

13. Freezing point
The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid.

14. Boiling point
The boiling point of an element or compound means the temperature at which the liquid form of an element or compound is at equilibrium with the gaseous form.
the boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius.

15. Melting point
The temperatures at which the solid form of the element or compound is at equilibrium with the liquid form.
Basically the range at which the solid changes its state into a liquid.
The melting point of water is 0 degrees Celsius

16. More EXAMPLES – Physical Properties
Other physical properties include:
Color
Hardness
Odor
Taste
State of matter
Texture
Luster (shine)
Flexibility
Other physical properties include:
Heat conductivity
Electrical conductivity
Solubility (ability to dissolve in water.)
Shape
Viscosity
Ductility
Malleability

17. COLOR
Well, it might be pretty simple to say that a frog is green or jeans
are blue or Joe is red, but there’s some pretty technical reasons for why
things have colors.
The point is that you can describe a substance’s color without changing
it into a new substance.

18. LUSTER Ooohhh…look at that biscuit. Ooohhh…look at this gold ring.
I desire the one on the left for its tastiness. I desire the one on the
right for its LUSTER. Luster describes how shiny a substance is.

19. TEXTURE Some things are smooth. Others are rough.
That’s texture for you.

20. ODOR A substance that gives off an odor, whether good or bad, isn’t
being changed as it does so!
E. Odor – describes the smell of a substance.

21. Keep your bricks. I’ll take the diamonds!
HARDNESS
This one can be a little confusing. You’ve probably heard that the
hardest substance on Earth is ___________.
That means that a diamond can cut any other
substance you can think of, even metals.
The only thing that can cut a diamond is a
slightly more pure diamond!
However, that doesn’t mean that diamonds are
stronger than anything else. I’d much rather
live in a brick or steel house than a diamond
one.
Keep your bricks. I’ll take the diamonds!

22. CONDUCTIVITY Some substances allow forms of energy,
such as heat, sound, and electricity, to flow
through them very easily. Apparently, Joe
is one of those substances.
These substances are very useful for things
like:

23. Conductivity, contd.
But other substances are useful to us because they’re NOT good
conductors. We call those insulators.
Conductivity – describes how well a substance allows heat or
electricity to flow through it. Low conductivity substances are
called “insulators.”

24. MALLEABILITY What do these substances have in common?
If you said that they can be pounded with a mallet or hammer or fist
or forehead into new shapes easily, then you’re right!
Malleability – describes how easily a substance can be formed into
new shapes. Opposite of “brittle.”

25. DUCTILITY What do THESE substances have in common?
Well, of course…they’re all ductile! That just means they can be
stretched or drawn into wires without falling apart or breaking.
Ductility – describes how well a substance can be pulled into thin
wires.

26. MAGNETISM
I’m not sure how much to say about this. Some substances are magnetic,
others aren’t.
J. Magnetism – describes if a substance attracts or repels magnets.

27. SOLUBILITY
What happens if you take sugar, salt, or kool-aid powder and stir it
into water?
But you haven’t made a new substance. The kool-aid and water have
just mixed super well because the kool-aid dissolves so easily in water.

28. Creating a new chemical product
Chemical Properties
Chemical properties are characteristics involved when a substance interacts with another substance to change its chemical make-up.
Flammability
Rusting
Creating gas bubbles
Creating a new chemical product
Reactivity with water pH

29. Chemical Changes
Chemical change: a change that occurs causing the identity of the substance to change
DOES result in the production of a new substance
CANNOT be reversed by physical means
A chemical change is called a chemical reaction
Can you think of ways I can make chemical changes to a piece of paper?

30. Chemical Changes to Paper
Burning it
Pouring acid on it
Eating it (digestion) – yuck! ☺

31. Clues to a Chemical Change (Reaction)
As I burn a piece of paper, can you think of up to 6 clues that tell us that a chemical change has taken place?

32. Clues to a Chemical Change
Indicators of a chemical change:
Production of a gas
Fizzing, foaming, odor, bubbling
Production of energy (heat, light or sound)
Light given off, feels hot or cold, hear noise(s)
Temperature Change
Be careful with this one!
Unexpected Color change
Production of a precipitate (solid)
Production of a New Substance
Only if the atoms that make it up have been chemically altered!
The more of clues 1-5 you have, the more likely

33. Chemical Change Examples
Chemical change: a change that occurs causing the identity of the substance to change
DOES result in the production of a new substance
Burning
Digesting food
Reacting with other substances
Rusting, corroding, decomposing

34. Is it Physical or Chemical?
Change
Physical
Chemical
Melting cheese
Burning wood
Milk souring
Wadding up paper
Bicycle rusting

35. Alike? Different?
Draw a double bubble map in your notes to compare and contrast physical and chemical properties.

36. Compound
A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio.
Water and salt are 2 examples of compounds.