1. Chapter 14 Acids and Bases
Learning Goal Describe and name Arrhenius acids and bases and organic acids.
Citrus fruits are sour because of the presence of acids.
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2. Writing Ionic Formulas (6.2, 6.4) Balancing a Chemical Equation (8.2)
Chapter 14 Readiness
Key Math Skills
Solving Equations (1.4D)
Core Chemistry Skills
Writing Ionic Formulas (6.2, 6.4)
Balancing a Chemical Equation (8.2)
Identifying Functional Groups (8.4)
Using Scientific Notation (2.2)
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3. Using Concentration as a Conversion Factor (12.4)
Chapter 14 Readiness
Core Chemistry Skills
Using Concentration as a Conversion Factor (12.4)
Writing the Equilibrium Constant Expression (13.3)
Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations (13.4)
Using Le Chatelier’s Principle (13.5)
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4. comes from the Latin word acidus, which means “sour.”
Acids and Bases
The term acid
comes from the Latin word acidus, which means “sour.”
is described by the Swedish chemist Arrhenius as substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+)
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5. change blue litmus indicator to red corrode metals
Acids
Acids
have a sour taste
change blue litmus indicator to red
corrode metals
ionize in water to produce H+ ions
HCl(g)  H+(aq) Cl−(aq)
H2O
Polar molecular
compound
Ionization
Hydrogen
ion
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6. Naming Acids, Hydro____ic Acid
Acids that produce H+ and a simple nonmetal ion in water are named with the prefix hydro and end with ic acid.
HCl hydrochloric acid
HBr hydrobromic acid
The acid HCN produces H+ and the simple polyatomic ion CN−. It is also named with the prefix hydro and ends with ic acid.
HCN hydrocyanic acid
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7. Naming Acids, ______ous Acid
When the oxygen containing acid from a polyatomic ion ends in ite, it is named by changing the ite ending to ous acid.
polyatomic ion ite to ous acid
NO2− nitrite ion HNO2 nitrous acid
SO32− sulfite ion H2SO3 sulfurous acid
ClO2− chlorite ion HClO2 chlorous acid
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8. Naming Acids, ______ic Acid
When the oxygen containing acid from a polyatomic ion ends in ate, it is named by changing the ate ending to ic acid. polyatomic ion ate to ic acid NO3− nitrate ion HNO3 nitric acid SO42− sulfate ion H2SO4 sulfuric acid ClO3− chlorate ion HClO3 chloric acid
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9. Naming Acids
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10. Naming Carboxylic Acids
A carboxylic acid contains a carboxyl group: a hydroxyl group (OH) attached to a carbonyl group (C=O).
Many carboxylic acids have common names, derived from their natural sources.
The IUPAC names of carboxylic acids use the alkane names but replace e with oic acid.
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11. Carboxylic Acids
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12. Naming Carboxylic Acids
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13. Learning Check
Select the correct name for each. A. HBr (1) bromic acid (2) bromous acid (3) hydrobromic acid B. H2CO3 (1) carbonic acid (2) hydrocarbonic acid (3) carbonous acid C. HBrO (1) hypobromic acid (2) hypobromous acid (3) bromous acid
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14. Solution
Select the correct name for each. A. HBr (3) hydrobromic acid B. H2CO3 (1) carbonic acid C. HBrO (2) hypobromous acid
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15. produce OH− ions in water taste bitter or chalky are electrolytes
Bases
Arrhenius bases
produce OH− ions in water
taste bitter or chalky
are electrolytes
feel soapy and slippery
neutralize acids
An Arrhenius base produces a cation
and an oH- anion in an aqueous
solution.
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16. Characteristics of Acids and Bases
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17. Naming Bases, Hydroxides
Typical Arrhenius bases are named as hydroxides.
Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH2), also called slaked lime, is used in the food industry to produce beverages, in tanning to neutralize acids, and in dentistry as a filler for root canals.
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18. Ca(OH)2(s)  Ca2+(aq) + 2OH−(aq)
Bases, Hydroxides
Hydroxide containing bases ionize in water to produce the metal ion and hydroxide ions (OH−).
Ca(OH)2(s)  Ca2+(aq) OH−(aq)
Dried corn kernels are soaked in limewater (calcium hydroxide solution) to make hominy.
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19. H3PO4, an ingredient in soft drinks NaOH, used in drain cleaners
Learning Check
Identify each of the following compounds as an acid or a base, and give it a name.
H3PO4, an ingredient in soft drinks
NaOH, used in drain cleaners
Mg(OH)2, used in antacids
A soft drink contains H3PO4 and H2CO3.
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20. H3PO4, an ingredient in soft drinks acid, phosphoric acid
Solution
Identify each of the following compounds as an acid or a base, and give it a name.
H3PO4, an ingredient in soft drinks
acid, phosphoric acid
B. NaOH, used in drain cleaners
base, sodium hydroxide
Mg(OH)2, used in antacids
base, magnesium hydroxide
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