1. Ancient Greece
B.C.E.

2. Seeing Ancient Greece in Modern Greece

3. Greek geography Greece is a peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea.
It is mountainous
Greek communities often times developed independently because of the mountains, thus they were diverse
As a result, they fought each other a lot.

4. Greek City-States
Because Greece is made up of many islands, and has many tall mountains, the Greeks began to build city-states instead of one country.
A city-state is a city with its own laws, rulers, and money.
City-states were cities that acted like countries.

5. Technology results from necessity
Since Greece had many coastal cities they developed an awesome navy for trading and fighting.

6. Resources and Crops RESOURCES • grain
• fine cheese made of goat’s milk
• timber
• wild game
• wool of sheep = cloth
MOST IMPORTANT CROPS/PRODUCTS
• olives  = oil
• grapes = wine
• clay = pottery

7. Effects of Geography
Seafaring tradition:   reliance on navy and fleets for power and protection
Sea provided link to trade and cultural exchange with Mediterranean communities
Isolationism:  protection but lack of effective communication
Greece was organized into polis (independent city states) separated by seas and rugged mountains
Emergence of dominant city states (Athens, Sparta)

8. Terracing saves water and soil in mountainous environments
Greeks developed commercial agriculture

9. Four major TYPES OF GOVERNMENT evolved in ancient Greece:
Monarchy (rule of a king) limited by an aristocratic council and a popular assembly.
Oligarchy (rule of the few) arising when the aristocratic council ousted the king and abolished the assembly.
Aristocracy a government ruled by a small group of nobles, men from landowning families
Democracy (rule of the people), the outstanding political achievement of the Greeks.

10. Political: Athens was the first democracy.
Democracy: type of government where people vote.
Well, actually, Athens was a direct democracy where people vote on everything.
The U.S. today is a representative democracy, where we vote for people to make decisions for us.

11. Democracy in Athens
Athens was a democracy because all citizens could vote, but only half the people in Athens were citizens.
Women, people born outside of Athens, and slaves could not vote.

12. Direct participation was the key to Athenian democracy
Direct participation was the key to Athenian democracy. In the Assembly, every male citizen was not only entitled to attend as often as he pleased but also had the right to debate, offer amendments, and vote on proposals. Every man had a say in whether to declare war or stay in peace. Basically any thing that required a government decision, all male citizens were allowed to participate in.

13. Remember! If you think the U.S. is so much better. . .
Some southern states did not let African Americans vote until the 1960s (Voting Rights Act 1965)
Women could not vote in the U.S. until 1920 (19th Amendment)
Eighteen year olds could not vote until the late 1970s.

14. Political terms All of Greece wasn’t a democracy.
Most of Greece was a monarchy a type of government ruled by a king or queen.
At right is Pericles, a good king of Athens.
Pericles was the leader responsible for creating democracy in Athens.
He had many buildings constructed.
Pericles had the Parthenon and the Acropolis built.

15. Sparta
Sparta was an isolated city-state that was culturally and politically different from Athens.
Sparta was an oligarchy, government ruled by a few. They had 2 kings.
During the Peloponnesian Sparta sacked Athens.

16. Sparta Spartan society was obsessed with war.
Boys were sent to military school at a young age.
Boys who are born deformed are left to die on mountainsides

17. Athens
Athenians were tough but were encouraged to engage in activities like art, philosophy, music.

18. Alexander the Great Alexander was not from Athens, but Macedonia.
Alexander was a brilliant military strategist.
His favorite book was Homer’s Iliad

19. Alexander conquered the Persian empire and controlled the largest empire the world had ever seen.

20. What happens when cultures collide?

21. Alexander spread Hellenistic culture throughout Asia.
Hellenistic is a fancy word for Greek.
Alexander spread Greek technology and ideas throughout his empire

22. The Roman Coliseum has a strong Hellenistic influence.

23. What buildings in the USA have a Hellenistic influence?

24. Lincoln Memorial