1. By Hatim Jaber MD MPH JBCM PhD 14- 8-2018
Faculty of Medicine Public Health ( ) الصحة العامة Lecture 26 Traditional Medicine By
Hatim Jaber
MD MPH JBCM PhD

2. Migration and Travelers' health Traditional Medicine
The global health impact of mental health and mental diseases. Drug abuse and Addictive substances
Global overview of communicable diseases
Global overview Non- Communicable Diseases(NCDs)
The global health impact of Hepatitis, Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS
The global health impact of Cardiovascular Diseases , Diabetes and Obesity
Health policy and management, Health priorities
Health policies and management within a global health perspective
Healthcare service delivery in developed and developing countries
Healthcare systems and financing
Quality of care and effectiveness in different health services systems
Violence and Injuries
Migration and Travelers' health
Traditional Medicine

3. Presentation outline 09:15 to 09:25 09:25 to 09:35 09: 35 to 09:40
Time
09:15 to 09:25
09:25 to 09:35
09: 35 to 09:40
09:40 to 09:50
09:50 to 10:15

4. What is traditional medicine?
WHO defines traditional medicine as including diverse health practices, approaches, knowledge and beliefs incorporating plant, animal, and/or mineral based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and exercises which can be used to maintain well-being, as well as to treat, diagnose or prevent illness.

5. Background
WHO defines traditional medicine as the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness ( traditional/definitions/en/index.html)
The terms “CAM and alternative" (and sometimes also "non-conventional" or "parallel") are used to refer to a broad set of health care practices that are not part of a country's own tradition, or not integrated into its dominant health care system.

6. Complementary medicine
Traditional medicine
Traditional medicine has a long history. It is the sum total of the knowledge, skill, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness. 
Complementary medicine
The terms “complementary medicine” or “alternative medicine” refer to a broad set of health care practices that are not part of that country’s own tradition or conventional medicine and are not fully integrated into the dominant health-care system. They are used interchangeably with traditional medicine in some countries.
Herbal medicines
Herbal medicines include herbs, herbal materials, herbal preparations and finished herbal products, that contain as active ingredients parts of plants, or other plant materials, or combinations. 

7. Traditional and Complementary/ Alternative Medicine
Categories of TM/CAM
Main Popular System of TM/CAM
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Indian Ayurveda Medicine
Arabic Unani Medicine
Homeopathy
Chiropractic

8. Traditional and Complementary/ Alternative Medicine
Categories of TM/CAM
Medication
Medicinal plants
Mineral materials
Animal materials
Non-medication
Acupuncture
Chiropractic
Osteopathy
Manual therapies
Qigong, Taiji, Yoga
Physical, mental and spiritual therapies

9. Populations using TM/CAM worldwide
Populations in developing countries using traditional medicine for primary health care
Ethiopia
Benin
India
Rwanda
Tanzania
Uganda
Populations in developed countries who have used complementary and alternative medicine at least once
Canada
Australia
France
USA
Germany

10. Herbal medicines are rapidly increasing in economic importance
Marketing of Herbal Products (Thousand million US$)
Annual sales of OTC herbal medicines in USA
Great Britain

11. Accessibility: African countries use traditional medicine to help meet primary health care needs
Populations reliant on traditional medicine for primary health care

12. Why traditional medicine?
Accessible and affordable in developing countries
RATIO OF PRACTITIONERS TO POPULATION
Traditional Medical
practitioner doctor
Swaziland 1: :10,000
Ghana 1: :20,000
Uganda 1: :25,000
Mozambique 1: :50,000

13. Why traditional medicine?
An alternative approach to health care in developed countries
concern about the adverse effects of "chemical drugs",
questioning of the approaches and assumptions of allopathic medicine, and
greater public access to health information.

14. General considerations
Despite its existence and use over centuries, traditional medicine has not been officially recognized in most countries.
The safety and efficacy data on traditional medicine are far from sufficient.
Lack of research data are mostly due to a lack of adequate or accepted research methodology for evaluating traditional medicine.

15. Safety, Efficacy and Quality
Quality control
Good Agricultural and Collection Practices for medicinal plants
Updating Quality Control Methods for Raw Materials of Medicinal Plants
Updating GMP guidelines for herbal medicines
Contaminants and residues
Safety
Developing Guidelines for Safety Monitoring and pharmacovigilance of Herbal Medicines

16. Rational Use WHO developing training guidelines
Training guidelines for chiropractic
Training guidelines for manual therapies
Osteopathy
Chinese tui-na
Shiatsu
Judo-therapy
Training Guidelines for Phytotherapy
WHO Consumer Guidelines

17. WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy
Policy: integrate TM/CAM with national health care systems
Safety, efficacy and quality: provide guidance and support for effective regulation
Access: ensure availability and affordability of TM/CAM
Rational use: promote therapeutically-sound use of TM/CAM by providers and consumers

18. WHO support to countries
1. Production of tools, guidelines, protocols and monographs
2. Production of technical documents e.g. :
Tools for institutionalizing TM in health systems
Collaboration between THPs and CHPs
Policy guidance and legal framework for the protection of Intellectual Property Rights and traditional medicine knowledge
Regulation of practitioners, practices and products
Modules for training health sciences students
Modules for training THPs
3. Provision of technical/financial support to countries
4. Support strengthening of capacities for policy development and implementation, R&D and evaluation of TM safety, efficacy and quality;
5. Facilitate networking and information exchange