1. THE INSTRUCTION MANUEL FOR BUILDING A BODY
DNA
THE INSTRUCTION MANUEL FOR BUILDING A BODY

2. What Is DNA?
 DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid and is the basic substance of heredity.  
DNA is a set of instructions for building your body and controls everything about the way you look and function.

3. Watch as we trace the path to locate our DNA
WHERE IS THE DNA STORED?
The DNA is stored in the nucleus of nearly all your cells.
Watch as we trace the path to locate our DNA

4. Who has more?
Eukaryotic cells contain more DNA than prokaryotic cells.
Makes sense: They are larger and have more “stuff” in them that need instructions!

5. What does DNA look like? A little history
Rosalind Franklin was actually the 1st scientist to produce the pictures of DNA , but died before the Nobel Prize was given. found through X-ray images, that DNA looks like two threads twisted around each other & held together by many bridges in between, like a spiral staircase.
These scientists won a Nobel Prize in 1962 for work on the DNA’s structure.
Watson & Crick found the structure and called it a double helix.

6. The Parts of DNA DNA is made up of NUCLEOTIDES
NUCLEOTIDES are made of three parts:
A Pentose Sugar: Deoxyribose…it’s a sugar with 5 carbons (penta=5, -ose=sugar).
A Phosphate Group
One of four different Nitrogenous Bases:
Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine
A T C G

7. Visuals of the THREE Parts of a nucleotide:
Nitrogenous base
Pentose Sugar
Phosphate group

8. The DNA “Double Helix” Molecule
Looks like a twisted ladder
The sides of the ladder are made of sugar molecules and phosphates
The steps of the ladder are formed by pairs of nitrogenous bases

9. Nitrogenous bases
Adenine always pairs with Thymine and Guanine always pairs with Cytosine
There are four different nitrogenous bases
Adenine A
Thymine T
Guanine G
Cytosine C
The genetic code is the order of the nitrogenous bases and the set of instructions for making a person.
This is known as the HUMAN GENOME

10. example ATTCGAACGACCTG TAAGCTTGCTGGAC GTAACTGGAACTAG CATTGACCTTGATC
Try your own:
GTAACTGGAACTAG
CATTGACCTTGATC

11. Genes are…
A GENE is a set of chemical instructions for assembling a protein. DNA is the molecule that carries these genetic instructions.
Within a gene, each group of three nitrogenous bases codes for one amino acid.
A sequence of amino acids is linked to make a protein.
*Therefore, the way N bases are arranged, determines the order in which amino acids are put together. The arrangement of amino acids makes a particular protein.
Proteins are fundamental to the function of cells and the expression of traits.

12. What is a genetic code?
 The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in DNA is translated into proteins by living cells.
The code defines how sequences of three nucleotides specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis.
The order of the bases tell the cell what types of proteins to make!
The genetic code is the specific order and number of nitrogen bases of an organism’s DNA!

13. Replication – process of copying DNA; Occurs in the nucleus.
DNA Replication
A cell must copy its DNA during the S phase of Interphase of the cell cycle.
Replication – process of copying DNA; Occurs in the nucleus.
How it works:
DNA helicase unzips the DNA by breaking the H bonds.
DNA polymerase enzyme attaches free DNA nucleotides to make 2 new DNA strands.
After replication: Each new DNA molecule has one old strand and one new strand.

14. Here’s The Relationship To Chromosomes