1. DNA Replication

2. How is genetic material transmitted to new cells?
Essential Question
How is genetic material transmitted to new cells?
Daily Objectives:
Describe the process of DNA replication and its role in the transmission and conservation of genetic information.
Explain how the similarities in the genetic codes of organisms are due to common ancestry and the process of inheritance.
Recall the components and structure of DNA.

3. Home learning is LEARNING!
If you do not finish work in class, you are responsible to do so on your own time.

4. Answer the two DO NOW questions at the top of your handout
Nucleic Acids = DNA & RNA
What is the function of a Nucleic Acid / DNA?
What is the monomer of a Nucleic Acid?
Remember, a monomer is a single-subunit of a macromolecule!

5. What is DNA?
DNA is the universal genetic code and common to almost all living things!
We all have DNA!
CFU: What do we mean by universal?

6. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Sound like a scientist!
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid

7. DNA Fun Fact!
You have about 9 million kilometers of DNA. That's enough to reach to the moon and back 13 times! 
How can we fit all of that in our cells?!

8. DNA STRUCTURE
The structure of DNA allows it to condense a ton of information.

9. DNA Structure DNA is made of 4 nitrogen base pairs.
Adenine (A) -Thymine (T)
Guanine (G) - Cytosine (C)
These form the “steps”
of our staircase.
A is a complementary pair to T
C is a complementary pair to G

10. What would be the correct DNA parings in the DNA of a spider?
You Practice
What would be the correct DNA parings in the DNA of a spider?
Adenine-guanine; cytosine-thymine
Adenine-thymine; cytosine-guanine
Cytosine-adenine; guanine-thymine
Cytosine-thymine; guanine-adenine

11. You Practice
2. The nucleotide sequences found in two different species are made of the same base pairs.
What is this evidence of?

12. You Practice
3. Why would you be able to take the DNA from a human and insert it into a mouse?
Because mice and humans are both part of the animal kingdom
Because humans have special DNA that can take over any other DNA.
Because DNA is universal to all organisms
Because a mouse’s DNA can accept any type of DNA

13. DNA Structure
The whole monomer of a N.A. is a called a nucleotide. BUT REMEMBER! This single unit is made up of 3 different things!! 1 2 3

14. The sides of the stair case are made up of phosphate and sugar
The sides of the stair case are made up of phosphate and sugar. The steps on the stair case are made up of nitrogen bases attached to each other by hydrogen bonds.
Nitrogen Base
Phosphate
Sugar
Hydrogen Bond

15. Packing DNA Structure
The DNA is twisted into the shape of a double helix.
Which can then be twisted into chromosomes
Remember this?
Those are chromosomes!

16. Practice
Put the following structures in order from smallest to largest:
Word Bank: Nucleus, chromosome, chromatid, DNA double-helix, base pairs
Answer: Base pairs, DNA double- helix, chromatid, chromosome, nucleus

17. DNA Fun Fact!
Any two unrelated strangers anywhere on the planet share 99.9 percent of the same DNA. A miniscule fraction of the genome—about 3 million of its over 3 billion bases—accounts for the vast differences within the human race.
“But wait! How can DNA be the same in every organism but create so much genetic variety?”

18. Good Point face paint guy…
DNA Function
The structure of DNA allows it to be a common system that can code for a wide range of things.
The structure of DNA is always the same but the order of the nucleotides codes for different genes.

19. Function DNA codes for genes
The different genes code for different proteins.
All individuals have different variations or sequences of base pairs.
For example: GTACA might make a protein for small lips and AGTGA might make a protein for large lips:
GTACA
AGTGA

20. CFU How is genetic information stored in DNA?
-as different patterns of nucleotides
True or False. The more similar (alike) two organisms are, the more DNA patterns they have in common.
-True

21. “Wow. DNA is so cool. But what happens when we need more of it
“Wow. DNA is so cool! But what happens when we need more of it? Like, when a cell divides?
The DNA goes thru a series of steps to replicate or copy itself

22. How does DNA Copy itself?
DNA Replication is when the DNA molecule separates into two strands, then produces two new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing. Each strand of the double helix of DNA serves as a template, or model, for the new strand.
DNA Replication
1 DNA
2 DNA

23. How replication occurs
Helicase “unzips” a molecule of DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds.
The principal enzyme involved in DNA replication is called DNA polymerase.
DNA polymerase even “proofreads” each new DNA strand!
Why does it make sense to call it DNA Polymerase?

24. DNA Replication

25. Let’s Practice Together!
Find the complimentary strand:
C –A –T –T –G –G –C –A –A
G –T –A –A –C –C – G –T –T

26. Exit Ticket: POST IT STYLE
Daily Objectives:
Describe the process of DNA replication and its role in the transmission and conservation of genetic information.
Explain how the similarities in the genetic codes of organisms are due to common ancestry and the process of inheritance.
Recall the components and structure of DNA.
Pick one of the daily objectives and explain it in words that an elementary school student would understand. Write on a sheet of paper and turn in to the homework area.