1. Cellular Characteristics of Cancer Cells

2. Review: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LhQllh46yI
Dysplasia: abnormal cell development
Results in abnormal looking and behaving cells
Ex. Cells are larger, odd shaped, crowded each other
May reverse itself or
Can become malignant

5. Enlarged nucleus Normal ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm is 1:5
Cancer cell ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm approaches 1:1

6. Enlarged nucleus
Cancer cell nucleus has a very large amount of chromosomal material
Instead of 46 chromosomes, it may contain 78

9. Nuclei show clumping of chromatin
This causes the nuclei to stain very dark

11. May have more than one nucleus in a cell
What happens during mitosis if there are two nuclei?

12. Mitochondria have different shapes and sizes
We cannot see this with our microscopes
Endoplasmic reticulum is disorganized
We cannot see this in our lab

13. Abnormal mitosis: cancer cells mitose at the same rate as normal cells, but they do not have a normal cell cycle
Oncogenes

14. High rate of cellular respiration:
Tumor appears as a hot spot on thermograms
Causes significant nutritional deficit for normal cells because CA take most of the nutrients

15. Metastasize: Spread to other areas in the body