1. Open Access Networks Interworking2002, Perth, Australia October 13-16, 2002 Presented by: Einar Edvardsen, Telenor R & D, Norway Teleph:+47 915 29029 E-mail:einar-paul.edvardsen@telenor.com Authors: Einar Edvardsen (Telenor) Thor G Eskedahl (Telenor) André Årdal (Telenor)

2. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 2Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia Wireless broadband – requirements to the core network Coverage of various mobile systems GSM (14 kb/s) covers 10 km 2 (r < 4 km) UMTS 1(< 384 kb/s) covers 1 km 2 (r < 1 km) UMTS 2(< 2 Mb/s) covers 0,1 km 2 4G (< 20 Mb/s) covers 0,01 km 2 (r < 100 m) 3G/4G mobile systems require huge fixed core network infrastructures Each base station requires a broadband feeder – an optical fibre. Generally – only copper cables exist in access network and a new infrastructure will therefore have to be installed GSM UMTS 14G No of base stations >100 000 (Norway) 2

3. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 3Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia The fixed networks broadband offering is evolving In spite of the resession in telecom, the number of broadband customers is rapidly increasing Millions of ADSL modems are being installed Millions of Cable Modems are being installed After ADSL – then VDSL – then fibres Broadband capacity will be distributed all over the populated areas - wasted capacity most of the time

4. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 4Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia The Open Access Network Access line to broadband network MBS

5. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 5Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia A user scenario Operator 1 Cable modem Operator 2 LMDS Operator 4 VDSL Operator 3 ADSL

6. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 6Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia Traditional way of establishing the feeder network for a 4G mobile broadband House/customer Street Base station New fiber cable

7. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 7Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia The Open Access Network architecture House/customer Street Broadband customer with OAN gateway

8. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 8Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia Bandwidth considerations Bandwidth of wLAN: 25-30 Mb/s (30 m) –Bandwidth decreases as traffic and number of users increases –Bandwidth decreases as distance to MBS increases Bandwidth of access lines –Unsubscribed available bandwidth The difference between the technical realisable bandwidth and the users subscription 0,4/5 Mb/s (ADSL) and 2/10 Mb/s (VDSL) ? –Unused instantaneous bandwidth The unused part of the subscribed bandwidth A variable bandwidth max. equal to the subscription rate –Priority enforced bandwidth Bandwidth, which may be available if the visiting user is allowed to overrule the fixed subscriber. Equal to the overruled service/application

9. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 9Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia Potential coverage Assumed that standard wLAN technology is used Covers potentially 100 % of urban area (Norway: 75% (3 mill) of population, 0,7% of area) Spotwise coverage for the rest, 5% of area Required number of MBSs: Urban area:25 000 – 1000 000 MBSes Sub-urban area:~ 250 000

10. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 10Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia The concept contains numerous challenges How to match QoS in the legacy network with what can be achieved in a wireless LAN and while traversing from MBS to MBS ? Mobility aspects – nomadic or continuous mobility Security and authentication Roaming agreements between – different network operators – owners of MBSs How to deal with the large variety of terminals ? Interference between MBSs and with other equipment – frequency planning Business models and commercial aspects

11. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 11Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia Ownership to Micro Base Stations Owned by subscribers –Roaming agreements, –Compensation –Maintenance –Security/access control/authentication issues Owned by operators –The MBS becomes a network component equal to others –Compensation –Maintenance by the operator –Security/access control/authentication –Physical access to the equipment Operators may choose different business models –30 operators in Norway – 30 different tariffing models?

12. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 12Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia Business models and commercial aspects – other aspects Fixed network operators –New service in the network – new business opportunities –Increased traffic –Draining P2P/Ad-Hoc traffic into their network –Stretching the operator influence into home networking –Wireless broadband to stationary and mobile users simultaneously –Home networking – a new business opportunity Service providers –OAN is a new business area complementary to GSM, GPRS, UMTS –Home networks, also a new business area Stationary users –Cheap wireless home networking provided by operators/service providers –Boarderless Home networks Universal Mobility

13. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 13Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia Conclusions The Open Access Network architecture is an innovative approach to upgrading the existing public broadband access network to support broadband mobile services. Only the idea is presented How to realise it is a quite another issue to solve !

14. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 14Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia Guaranteed Quality of service in OANs ? QoS protocols of IP is important, but is it enough? –RSVP, DiffServ, MPLS, IP o/ATM, …. QoS in wireless LANs –HiperLAN/2 has QoS –WLAN IEEE 802.11e –HomeRF How to guarantee QoS while roaming ?

15. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 15Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia Mobility aspects Traversing local premises – P2P/Ad-Hoc communication Traversing from MBS to MBS (controlled by one operator) –Mobility and hand-over protocols Traversing from MBS to MBS (controlled by different operators) –Mobility and hand-over protocols –Protocols for roaming –Protocols for charging and QoS dependent roaming

16. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 16Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia Security and authentication Security and authentication are fundamental for the OAN concept System security schemes should provide firewalls and intrusion detection systems Existing standards for communication security –VPN encryption, authentication – suitable for sections between MBSs and on the access line, but do not provide end-to-end security Processing intensive – not usable for seamless mobility and prohibit RT- pplications IPSEC wrapped around Mobile IP to solve the processing problem, but does not perform well enough –SSH-TRANS/CONN… and SSL/TLS for secure access –Wireless encryption standardised by IEEE802.11 –Object Security based upon PKI (protects data objects) How do the protocols perform under mobile conditions ?

17. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 17Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia The variety of terminals MBS HiperLAN ? WLAN 802.11y Bluetooth WLAN 802.11x P2P/Ad-Hoc example

18. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 18Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia Interference Large scale deployment of wireless LANs challenges the technology –WLAN (a,b,c,d,e,f,……), HiperLAN/2, Bluetooth, UWB ? –Does any of these comply with the requirements ? Overlapping LANs - same or different standard (WLAN, HiperLAN, Bluetooth, UWB,…) Interference with other equipment

19. 13-16. October, 2002Slide 19Interworking'2002 Perth, Australia Thank you for listening