1. BTM 382 Database Management Chapter 1: Database systems
Chitu Okoli
Associate Professor in Business Technology Management
John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, Montréal

2. Structure of BTM 382 Database Management
Week 1: Introduction and overview
ch1: Introduction
Weeks 2-6: Database design
ch3: Relational model
ch4: ER modeling
ch6: Normalization
ERD modeling exercise
ch5: Advanced data modeling
Week 7: Midterm exam
Weeks 8-10: Database programming
ch7: Intro to SQL
ch8: Advanced SQL
SQL exercises
Weeks 11-13: Database management
ch2,12,14: Data models
ch13: Business intelligence and data warehousing
ch9,15,16: Selected managerial topics

3. Review of Chapter 1: Database systems
Why do we need databases?
What are the different kinds of database management systems? That is, how could different DBMSs be grouped or classified?
What are the major aspects of database management?

4. Why do we need databases?

5. Structural and Data dependence and independence
Structural dependence and independence
Structural dependence: Access to a database file is dependent on the precise database structure
E.g. if you add a new field (attribute), you have to modify all application programs that access the database
Structural independence: File structure can be changed without affecting applications’ ability to access the data
Data dependence and independence
Data dependence: Access to a database file is dependent on the precise format of the data
E.g. if you change the number of decimal places for a numeric field, you have to modify all application programs that access that field
Data independence: Data format characteristics can be changed without affecting applications’ ability to access the data

6. Data redundancy
Unnecessarily repeating the same data at different places in the database
Problems:
Poor data security
Data inconsistency
Increased likelihood of data-entry errors when complex entries are made in different files
Data anomaly: when not all of the required changes in the redundant data are made successfully

7. Database and DBMS
A database is a shared, integrated computer structure that stores a collection of:
End-user data: Raw facts of interest to end users
Metadata: Data about data, which is used to integrate and manage the end-user data
Describe data characteristics and relationships
Database management system (DBMS)
Collection of programs
Manages the database structure
Controls access to data stored in the database

8. The DBMS manages the interaction between the end user and the database

9. Databases versus file systems

12. Types of databases

13. Types of databases: Number of users
Single-user database: Supports one user at a time
Desktop database: Runs on a PC
Multiuser database: Supports multiple users at the same time
Workgroup databases: Supports a small number of users or a specific department
Enterprise database: Supports many users across many departments

14. Types of databases: Physical location
Centralized database: Data is located at a single site
Distributed database: Data is distributed across different sites
Cloud database: A type of distributed database where the database developers never need to think about where the database is physically located, because someone else (the cloud service provider) takes care of all of that

15. Types of databases: Operational versus analytical
Operational/transactional database: Designed to support a company’s day-to-day operations
Analytical database: Stores past historical data and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making
Optimized for read-only operations; very slow for updating
Data warehouse: Stores data in a format optimized for decision support

16. Types of databases (correction/clarification): Information provision databases
All the other kinds of database described are fully functional databases where the users can read, write and edit data
Unlike the other kinds of database described, General-purpose databases and discipline-specific databases refer to prepopulated read-only databases provided for information purposes by specific vendors

17. Database management

18. The database system environment

19. Structure of BTM 382 Database Management
Week 1: Introduction and overview
Weeks 2-6: Database design
Week 7: Midterm exam
Weeks 8-10: Database programming
Weeks 11-13: Database management

20. Conclusion

21. Summary of Chapter 1: Database systems
We need databases to efficiently organize data without redundancies in a way independent from application programs.
DBMSs can be classified according to the number of users, physical location, and operational versus analytical purpose.
Database management mainly consists of design, programming and administration.

22. Sources
Most of the slides are adapted from Database Systems: Design, Implementation and Management by Carlos Coronel and Steven Morris. 11th edition (2015) published by Cengage Learning. ISBN 13:
Other sources are noted on the slides themselves