1. Who is on a Hot Streak?
Boiling Boys or Globally Warming Girls

2. Question 1 1. Where does most of the energy on Earth come from?
a. Earth’s interior
b. Earth’s moon
c. the sun
d. distant stars

3. Answer 1 1. Where does most of the energy on Earth come from?
a. Earth’s interior
b. Earth’s moon
c. the sun
d. distant stars

4. Question 2 2. What causes convection currents in the air?
a. precipitation
b. evaporation
c. uneven heating of Earth’s surface
d. uniform heating of Earth’s land and water

5. Answer 2 2. What causes convection currents in the air?
a. precipitation
b. evaporation
c. uneven heating of Earth’s surface
d. uniform heating of Earth’s land and water

6. Question 3
3. Nearly all of the heat in Earth’s atmosphere and oceans is distributed by
a. radiation.
b. evaporation.
c. conduction.
d. convection.

7. Answer 3
3. Nearly all of the heat in Earth’s atmosphere and oceans is distributed by
a. radiation.
b. evaporation.
c. conduction.
d. convection.

8. Question 4
4. Which of the following has the greatest effect on weather patterns?
a. the water cycle
b. the nitrogen cycle
c. the carbon cycle
d. the oxygen cycle

9. Answer 4
4. Which of the following has the greatest effect on weather patterns?
a. the water cycle
b. the nitrogen cycle
c. the carbon cycle
d. the oxygen cycle

10. Question 5
5. What are the 4 main factors that influence temperature on Earth?

11. Answer 5
5. latitude, altitude, distance from large bodies of water and ocean currents.

12. Question 6
6. What is it difficult or impossible to use tree rings to determine past climate conditions in the tropics?

13. Answer 6
6. Because the tropics have no distinct growing season so the trees in the tropics don’t have tree rings.

14. Question 7
Describe the tropics using latitude.

15. Answer #7
The Tropics are between 23.5°north latitude and 23.5°south latitude.

16. Question #8
8. What is the term used to describe a small area with climate conditions that differ from those around it?

17. Answer 8
8. Microclimate

18. Question #9
What are the latitude boundaries for the temperate zones on our planet?

19. Answer 9
9. Between 23.5°North latitude and 66.5°North latitude and Between 23.5° south latitude and 66.5° south latitude.

20. Question #10
10. What are the latitude boundaries of the polar zones?

21. Answer 10
10. Between 66.5° N latitude and 90° N latitude and Between 66.5° S latitude and 90° S latitude. *

22. World Temperature Zones
Based on latitude, Earth’s surface can be divided into a tropical zone, two temperate zones, and two polar zones.

23. Question #11
11. What effect do oceans have on climate?

24. Answer 11
11. Oceans moderate the climate of nearby areas, since oceans can’t heat up or cool down as fast as land.

25. Question 12
12. What is the name of the best-known warm-water ocean current in the Atlantic Ocean?

26. Answer 12
12. The Gulf Stream.

27. Question #13
13. What are the 3 main factors affecting precipitation?

28. Answer 13
13. Prevailing winds, the presence of mountains, and seasonal winds.

29. Question 14
14. Which side of a mountain gets more rain and which side gets less rain? (Use the key terms in the book for your answer.)

30. Answer 14
14. The windward side gets more precipitation and the leeward side gets less precipitation. *

31. Rain Shadow
A mountain range can form a barrier to the movement of air masses and influence where precipitation falls.

32. Question 15
15. What are the seasonal winds that occur in South and Southeast Asia called?

33. Answer 15
In a summer monsoon, wind blows from the ocean onto land. In the winter, the monsoon reverses and blows from land to the ocean.

34. Question 16
16. What percent of a circle is 90°?

35. Answer 16
Light from the sun strikes Earth’s surface at different angles. An angle is made up of two lines that meet at a point. Angles are measured in degrees. A full circle has 360 degrees.
When the sun is directly overhead near the equator, it is at an angle of 90º to Earth’s surface. A 90º angle is called a right angle. What percentage of a circle is it?
A 90º angle is 25% of a full circle.

36. Question 17
17. What causes the seasons?

37. The Seasons
The seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth’s axis as Earth travels around the sun.

38. Question #18
When is the longest and shortest day of the year? What are they called respectively?

39. Answer #18
The longest day of the year is the summer solstice, which occurs June 21, and the shortest day of the year is December 21, and it is called the winter solstice.

40. 19-30 Are True or False If False, Explain
19. Surface currents, which are mainly driven by winds, aren’t important because they only extend to a depth of 2-3 meters.

41. Answer 19
False. Surface currents, which affect water to a depth of several hundred meters, are driven mainly by winds and are important.

42. Question 20
20. Deep currents travel from the equator to the poles bringing nutrients to Arctic Life.

43. Deep Currents
Deep currents are caused by differences in the density of ocean water and travel from the poles to the equator.

44. Question 21
Upwelling is the movement of cold water upward from the deep ocean bringing up nutrients from the deeper layers of the ocean.

45. Answer 21
Upwelling brings up tiny ocean organisms, minerals, and other nutrients from the deeper layers of the water. Without this motion, the surface waters of the open ocean would be very scarce in nutrients.

46. Question 22
El Nino and La Nina are very similar in their effects on weather patterns near the Pacific Ocean because that is where they occur.

47. Answer 22
False. El Nino is a warm water phenomenon that causes warmer winters near the Pacific while La Nina is a cold waer phenomenon that causes colder winters near the Pacific.

48. Question 23
When combining these two graphs, what type of climate region does this graph represent?

49. Answer 23
Tropical Wet-and-Dry because it has very little change in temperature, but it has distinct dry and rainy seasons.

50. What two major factors do scientists use to classify climates?
Question 24
What two major factors do scientists use to classify climates?

51. Answer 24
Climate regions are classified according to a combination of temperature and precipitation. Climates in highland regions change rapidly as altitude changes.

52. Question 25
Dry climates include what two types of climates?

53. Answer 25
Dry climates include arid and semiarid climates. Death Valley in southeastern California has an arid climate.

54. Question 26
What are the three different types of temperate marine climates?

55. Answer 26
There are three types of temperate marine climates: marine west coast, humid subtropical, and Mediterranean. Eugene, Oregon, has a marine west coast climate.

56. Question 27
What type of climate does the coast of Southern California have?

57. Answer 27
Santa Barbara, on the coast of southern California, has a Mediterranean climate. Mild temperatures throughout the year make the area ideal for growing olives and citrus fruits.

58. Question 28
What type of climate does Anchorage Alaska have?

59. Answer 28
Temperate continental climates include humid continental and subarctic climates. Subarctic climates have cool summers and cold winters. Anchorage, Alaska, has a subarctic climate.

60. Question 29
Which state has a type of Polar climate? What type of polar climate does it have?

61. Answer 29
Polar climates include ice cap and tundra climates. The tundra climate region stretches across northern Alaska, Canada, and Russia.

62. Question 30
What type of radiation reflects from Earth’s surface back into the atmosphere causing the Greenhouse Effect?

63. Answer 31
Sunlight enters a greenhouse and is absorbed. The interior of the greenhouse radiates back energy in the form of infrared radiation, or heat. Much of the heat is trapped and held inside the greenhouse, warming it.

64. Question 32
What gas do scientists believe is the primary cause of global warming?

65. Answer 32
Scientists think that an increase in carbon dioxide in the air is a major factor in global warming.

66. Question 33 Reading Graphs
What happened during the 1800s that may have cause the drastic increase in carbon dioxide levels?

67. Answer 33 Interpreting Data
What pattern do you see in these data? How would you explain this pattern?
Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere were fairly constant until the early 1800s. Since then, the levels have increased dramatically. This pattern could be explained by the start of the Industrial Revolution, which led to a large increase in the amounts of fossil fuels burned.

68. Question 34 Interpreting Data
How much did carbon dioxide levels increase between 1800 and 1900? Between 1900 and 2000?

69. Answer 34
The levels increased to about 290 parts per million between 1800 and During the next 100 years, the levels increased by nearly 100 parts per million.

70. Question 35
What has human activity has created a hole in the atmosphere’s ozone?

71. The Ozone Hole
Chemicals produced by humans have damaged the ozone layer. A large are of reduced ozone, or ozone hole, has been created over Antarctica.

72. Question 36
What is the name of the chemical compound that is converted to chlorine when exposed to ultraviolet radiation and turns ozone into oxygen?

73. Answer 36
Chlorofluorocarbons

74. Question 37
What is the angle of Earth’s axis of rotation?

75. Answer 37
23.5°

76. Question 38
What is the science of using tree rings to learn about weather events and climate change? Spell it.

77. Answer 39
Dendrochrolology

78. Question 40
What is the part of a tree that creates new cells and growth?

79. Answer 40
cambium

80. Question 41
What is another name for the xylem?

81. Answer 41
Sapwood

82. Question 42
What is the part of the tree that is dead xylem and supports the tree?

83. Answer 42
Heartwood

84. Question 43
How many parts of a tree ring are there and what do they represent?

85. Answer 43
There are two: the early or springwood is the lighter and usually thicker ring and the darker ring is the summer wood or late wood.

86. Question 44
What is the species of tree that lives the longest?

87. Answer 44
The Bristlecone Pine, and it lives nearly 5,000 years.

88. Question 45
What is the practice called when we line up different tree ring samples with other trees by date?

89. Answer 45
Crossdating

90. Question 46
What could a knot or scar in a tree cookie represent?

91. Answer 46
A limb, a fire, a disease, a lightning strike.

92. Question 47
Where did Mr. Wright get his tree cookies?

93. Answer 47
The Home Depot Christmas Tree Lot

94. Question 48
After a large tree falls, what is the large clump of roots, soil and rocks stuck in the roots called?

95. Answer 48
A root ball.

96. Question 49
What is the largest type of tree in the world?

97. Answer 49
The Giant Sequoia

98. Question 50
What type of tree is the tallest on Earth?

99. Answer 50
Redwood.

100. Question 51
Why are redwoods and ideal tree to study for Dendrochronology? (Give 3 reasons)

101. Answer 51
They grow very old and have many rings. They resist disease and pests. They resist fire.

102. Congratulations Winning Team!
You may now complete your study card and prepare for your chapter 9 test for Monday.