1. First five presidents

2. George Washington

3. Domestic Policies Creation of the Cabinet to help make decisions.
Suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion

4. Whiskey Rebellion
Congress imposed a tax on the manufacture of Whiskey (1791)
Enraged Western farmers
Whiskey was used as a medium of exchange
1794 – A rebellion erupted
Western Pennsylvania farmers terrorized tax collectors, stopped court proceedings, robbed the mail, destroyed whiskey-making stills
Establish the authority of the federal government
Sent 15,000 troops to crush the Whiskey Rebellion.
Huge army caused rebels to disperse without a fight.

5. Foreign Policies French Revolution erupted in 1789 Jay’s Treaty
Federalists – opposed the French
Democratic-Republicans – supported the French
Jay’s Treaty
Pinckney’s Treaty

6. Jay’s Treaty
British navy began intercepting all neutral ships carrying goods to French.
Did not want to fight Britain/U.S.
Jay’s Treaty:
Britain had the right to seize cargoes bound for French ports
Issue submitted to international arbitration
U.S.: Most-favored nation status (merchants not discriminated against)

7. Pinckney’s Treaty
Negotiations with Spain (still controlled Florida, and West of the Mississippi)
AKA Treaty of San Lorenzo
Granted the United States the right to navigate the Mississippi and to deposit goods at the port of New Orleans.
**CONTROL OF THE MISSISSIPPI**

8. Washington’s Farewell Address
Warned against: Sectionalism – to avoid dividing the country into North against South or East against West.
Warned against: Political Parties
Warned against: Foreign Relations

9. John Adams

10. Domestic Policies Alien and Sedition Acts
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

11. Alien & Sedition Acts
Aliens – people living in the country who were not citizens
Many recent immigrants were from France (anti-British) would vote for Democratic-Republicans.
Made immigrants wait 14 years before becoming citizens (to weaken Republican support)
Gave the president power to deport any alien deemed dangerous to the U.S.
Sedition – incitement to rebellion.
Federal crime to utter or print anything “false,scandalous” against the government.

12. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
The idea that since states had created the Constitution, they could declare federal laws unconstitutional
Interposition – stop the illegal action by the federal government.
Nullification – the states could nullify (declare invalid) any federal law
Secretly written by Jefferson and Madison (against Alien & Sedition Acts)

13. Foreign Policy XYZ Affair
Quasi-War: France had begun stopping American ships and seizing their goods if they were going to Britain
Undeclared war at sea: suspended trade with France and directed navy to capture armed French ships.

14. XYZ Affair Neutrality toward conflict in Europe
French navy was seizing American ships at sea.
French diplomats (identified as X,Y,Z) demanded bribes for their assistance in stopping the French government.

15. Election of 1800

16. Turning Point
Federalists had controlled the army, presidency, and Congress
Power could be peacefully transferred between parties.
Adams (Federalist)  Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)

17. Thomas Jefferson

18. Domestic Policies Marbury v. Madison Louisiana Purchase
Lewis and Clark Expedition

19. Louisiana Purchase
The U.S. bought Louisiana from France for $11.25 million.
U.S. more than doubled in size
Gained control of entire Mississippi

20. Lewis and Clark Expedition
Secret expedition to find a route to the Pacific Ocean
Chose: Meriweather Lewis (private secretary) and William Clark to lead the expedition

21. Foreign Policies
Concerned with keeping the U.S. out of the war between Britain and France
Napoleon had crowned himself Emperor of France
Impressment of American sailors and cargo ships delivering goods to France.

22. James Madison

23. Domestic Policies
Native Americans in the Great Lake regions were persuaded by leader (Tecumseh) to fight the settlers.

24. Foreign Policies
War of 1812 – defending U.S. rights at sea

25. James Monroe

26. Domestic Policies
“Era of Good Feelings” - harmony in national politics – The Republicans
Sectional disputes –
Slavery: Missouri Compromise
Party Politics – Democratic-Republican party split
McCulloch v. Maryland
Gibbons v. Ogden

27. Foreign Policies Monroe Doctrine –
Western Hemisphere was closed to any further colonization by a European power
U.S. would firmly oppose attempts by a European power to intervene in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere
The U.S. would not involve itself politically in the affairs of Europe
Isolationist/Neutral Sentiment