1. The three cities shown on this map most likely relied on which industry during the colonial period?
A cotton production
B coal mining
C tobacco farming
D shipbuilding

2. Oregon (OR)—February 14, 1859 Capital: Salem Largest City: Portland
Oregon was the last state added before the Civil War (18th free, still 15 slave)
Oregon today has a unique state government: Most politicians also have other jobs and meet infrequently, and most bills are approved or denied by statewide votes instead of the legislature

3.
Slavery continued to grow as an issue after the Compromise of 1850
California gave the North 2 extra Senators (32-30)
After President Zachary Taylor died, Millard Fillmore became president
Fillmore wasn’t able to calm the two sides
Whig party didn’t let him run for re-election
Franklin Pierce (Democrat) won the 1852 election
Defeated Gen. Winfield Scott (Whig)
Whig party began to lose its identity

4. 1852-1853 Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Story of Uncle Tom, written as a good Christian, continually being betrayed by his owners
Uncle Tom has since become slang for someone who participates in their own oppression, especially based on race
Stowe inspires thousands to make a decision on slavery, instead of passively allowing it
Becomes the 2nd highest selling book in the 1800s USA
Franklin Pierce is an ineffective leader
Had major problems in personal life that distracted him as president
Example: One of his sons was crushed by a train on the way to Washington, DC. His wife returned home and didn’t join him in DC for over a year

5. Kansas-Nebraska Act
In 1854, Stephen Douglas of Illinois proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Would split remaining land from Louisiana Purchase into 2 territories: Kansas & Nebraska
Douglas hoped to get support for creating a transcontinental railroad through Chicago
Had land there, wanted $$$$$$$$$
To get Southern support, provided for Popular Sovereignty
KS and NE could vote to be slave or free territories
This effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise

6. Passing the Act
Douglas convinces enough Southerners to support the bill so it passes
Almost all “No” votes were from the North
Franklin Pierce signs the bill into law
Northerners detest the law, saying Pierce (a Northerner himself) had sold out their wishes
Southerners welcome the law as an opportunity to expand slavery
Politicians threaten each other in debates before and after the act is passed
1856: Sen. Charles Sumner (MA) is beaten into a coma by Congressman Preston Brooks (SC) over an anti-slavery speech

7. Bleeding Kansas
Northerners (Jayhawks) and Southerners (Border Ruffians) flood into Kansas
Want to sway the vote
Both sides attack the other
Destroy property, steal, even commit murder
Violent abolitionist John Brown moves to KS
He and his sons kill 5 pro-slavery farmers at Pottawatomie Creek with swords
Becomes a folk hero in the North and villain in the South

8. Fallout The Republican Party is founded as an anti-slavery party
Founded in Jackson, MI
The Whig and Democratic parties split over slavery and the Whig Party disappears
Northerners mostly join the Republican Party
Southerners join the Democratic Party
Slavery becomes a key issue in the 1856 Presidential Election
John C. Fremont (R) loses to James Buchanan (D), but gets 1/3 of the vote (mostly the North)
Buchanan chosen as a candidate because he has no ties to the Kansas-Nebraska Act
“Know Nothing” Party candidate Millard Fillmore gets some votes advocating anti-immigrant ideas, ignoring slavery