1. Introduction to Programming
Lecture 22
Review

2. Bit wise Manipulation
and
Assignment Operator

3. a = a + 1 ;
a += 1 ;

4. Bit Manipulation Operators
&= Bitwise AND Assignment Operator
|= Bitwise OR Assignment Operator
^= Bitwise Exclusive OR Assignment
Operator

5. Assignment Operator
a &= b ;
Same as
a = a & b ;

6. Assignment Operator
a |= b ;
Same as
a = a | b ;

7. Assignment Operator
a ^= b ;
Same as
a = a ^ b ;

8. Design Recipes PAY ATTENTION TO DETAIL
Analyze a problem statement, typically expressed as a word problem
Express its essence, abstractly and with examples
Formulate statements and comments in a precise language
Evaluate and revise the activities in the light of checks and tests.
PAY ATTENTION TO DETAIL

9. Variables

10. Symbolic Names x i
BasicPay
HouseRent

11. Data types Whole numbers: Real Numbers (with decimal points)
int, short, long, unsigned
Real Numbers (with decimal points)
float, double
Character data
char

12. int = 4 bytes
char = 1 byte

13. ASCII Table

14. Arrays Collection of same data types

15. Arithmetic Operators
Plus +
Minus -
Multiply *
Divide /
Modulus %

16. Modulus Operator
a % b ;
7 % 2 = 1 ;
100 % 20 = 0 ;

17. Compound Arithmetic Operators+= -= *= /= %=

18. Compound Arithmetic Operators
a = a + b ;
a += b ;

19. Logical Operators
AND &&
OR ||

20. a < b ; a <= b ; a == b ; a >= b ; a > b ;
Comparison Operators
a < b ;
a <= b ;
a == b ;
a >= b ;
a > b ;

21. a = b;

22. if ( a = b )
//Wrong
//Logical Error

23. a > b ;
a >= b ;

24. Bit wise Operators Bit wise AND & (Binary) Bit wise OR | (Binary)
Bit wise Exclusive OR ^ (Binary)
NOT ~ (unary)

25. Sequential Construct
Decision Construct
Loop Construct

26. If-statement
if ( condition ) {
statement ( s ) ; }

27. If-else
if ( condition ) {
statement ( s ) ; }
else

28. if ( a > b && c < d )

29. Nested if statements

30. if ( condition ) {
statement ( s ) ; }

31. While Loops
while ( a > b ) {
statement ( s ) ; }

32. While Loops
While loop executes
zero or more times

33. Do - while do {
statement ( s ) ; }
while ( condition ) ;

34. Do-while loop executes
one or more times

35. For Loops
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ ; ) {
statement ( s ) ; }

36. i = i + 1 ;
i += 1 ;
i ++ ;

37. Switch Statement

38. break ;
continue ;

39. Functions

40. Call by value
Call by reference

41. Arrays

42. Arrays
int a [ 10 ] ;
a [ 0 ] ; :
a [ 9 ] ;

43. Pointers

44. Memory address of a variable is stored inside a pointer
Pointers
Memory address of a variable is stored inside a pointer

45. Files and their
Input / Output systems