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co2 co2 co2 co2 O2 co2 co2 co2 Oceans co2 Fossil fuels
ORGANIC MATTER MESQUITE RHIZOBIUM ALFALFA SOYBEAN BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AZOTOBACTER CLOSTRIDIUM PLANT AND ANIMAL RESIDUES R-NH2 + ENERGY + CO2 R-NH2 + H2O R-OH + ENERGY + 2NH3 MATERIALS WITH N CONTENT < 1.5% (WHEAT STRAW) CONTENT > 1.5% (COW MANURE) MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION HETEROTROPHIC AMINIZATION BACTERIA (pH>6.0) FUNGI (pH<6.0) AMMONIFICATION pH>7.0 2NH4+ + 2OH- FIXED ON EXCHANGE SITES +O2 Nitrosomonas 2NO2- + H2O + 4H+ IMMOBILIZATION NH3 AMMONIA -3 NH4+ AMMONIUM -3 N2 DIATOMIC N 0 N2O NITROUS OXIDE 1 NO NITRIC OXIDE 2 NO2- NITRITE 3 NO3- NITRATE 5 OXIDATION STATES ATMOSPHERE N2O NO N2 N2O2- NH3 SYMBIOTIC NON-SYMBIOTIC + O2 Nitrobacter FERTILIZATION LIGHTNING, RAINFALL N2 FIXATION DENITRIFICATION PLANT LOSS AMINO ACIDS NO3- POOL LEACHING AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION NITRIFICATION NH2OH Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Thiobacillus Denitrificans, and T. thioparus MINERALIZATION + NITRIFICATION NO2- MICROBIAL/PLANT SINK TEMP 50°F pH 7.0 ADDITIONS LOSSES OXIDATION REACTIONS REDUCTION REACTIONS HABER BOSCH 3H2 + N NH3 (1200°C, 500 atm) Joanne LaRuffa Wade Thomason Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University INDUSTRIAL FIXATION co2 co2 co2 co2 O2 co2 co2 Fossil fuels co2 Oceans co2
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