1. The Toolbox of Science

2. But First……...
What is Science?

3. Science Science is a method of learning about our natural world.
Science is also the collected knowledge that has been gained by studying our natural world.

4. Science Skills
Making an Observation

5. Science Skills
Making an Observation
Classifying Data

6. Science Skills Making an Observation Classifying Data
Data is information you collect as you observe something.

7. Science Skills
Making an Observation
Classifying Data

8. Science Skills Making an Observation Classifying Data
Modeling and Simulation

9. Science Skills Making an Observation Classifying Data
Modeling and Simulation
What you’re doing (Toothpick bridge or Mousetrap Car)

10. Science Skills Making an Observation Classifying Data
Modeling and Simulation
Measuring

11. Science Skills Making an Observation Classifying Data
Modeling and Simulation
Measuring
Analyzing Data

12. Science Skills Making an Observation Classifying Data
Modeling and Simulation
Measuring
Analyzing Data
Making a Prediction

13. The Scientific Method Making an observation. Collecting Data
(Sometimes preceded by asking a question)
Collecting Data
Data are the facts, figures and evidence gathered through observation.

14. The Scientific Method Developing a Hypotheses. Or…making a prediction.
- a possible explanation.
Or…making a prediction.

15. The Scientific Method Designing and Experiment. Variable
Factors that can be changed in an experiment.
Manipulated Variable
Variable that is changed to test a hypothesis.
Responding Variable
Variable that is changed as a result of the experiment

16. The Scientific Method
Making a conclusion.
Well…..What happened

17. Some Basic Skills Significant Digits
All non-zero digits in a number are significant.
significant digits
23 2 significant digits

18. Significant Digits
Zeros between other digits in a number are significant.
significant digits
significant digits

19. Significant Digits
Zeros at the end of a decimal number are significant.
significant digits
significant digits

20. Significant Digits
Zeros at the beginning of a number are NOT significant.
significant digits
significant digits

21. Significant Digits
What about these??
13300
220 10
Who knows?

22. Significant Digits
In any calculation, the number of significant digits in the answer can only be as large as the smallest number of significant digits in any one of the numbers in the calculation.

23. Examples: 0.3467 + 0.123754 + 0.64 = 1.110454 Not so fast!
Using the significant digits rule: since 0.64 has only two significant digits, then the answer can have only two significant digits. The correct solution would be 1.1

24. Significant Digits A common sense exception…
Let’s say I have 8 weights each with a mass of grams. Simple math would suggest that you should just multiply 8 times like so x 8 = 40……..But how many significant digits??
In this case, the 8 is a finite number with infinite significant digits. So the significant digits in 8 are ignored. It will be

25. Scientific Notation To write a number in scientific notation:
Put the decimal after the first digit and drop the zeroes.
Let’s convert 2,340,000
So……….2,340,000 becomes
2.34

26. Scientific Notation
Now count the spaces it took to get to the new decimal point.
6 spaces

27. Scientific Notation So, put it all together 2,340,000 becomes…
2.34 x 10 6

28. Scientific Notation To go the other way…… Let’s convert 0.0000000034
So………
3.4

29. Scientific Notation
Now count the spaces it took to get to the new decimal point.
9 spaces

30. Scientific Notation So, put it all together 0.0000000034 becomes…
3.4 x 10 -9

31. Accuracy and Precision
The quality of being near to the true value.

32. Accuracy and Precision
The quality of being reproducible in amount or performance.