1. Geography

2. Geography Asks… Where are things located? Why are they located there?
WHY DO YOU THINK WE NEED TO LEARN ABOUT GEOGRAPHY?

3. Introduction to Geography
The Earth is 4 ½ Billion Years Old!
The Earth’s surface is 196,940,400 square miles…
6% of the Earth constitutes arable land
33 % of the Earth is desert

4. Parts of a Map
Grid – made up of imaginary lines of latitude and longitude
Title – tells you what the map is about and which part of the Earth it represents
Legend – or key, explains meanings of color and symbols used on a map
Relief – shows elevation
Direction Indicator – North, South, East, West
Map Scale – line or bar used to measure distance

5. Map Grid Latitude – lines that run parallel to the equator
Equator – imaginary line between north and south that divides the world
Longitude – meridians run from pole to pole and cross lines of latitude
Prime Meridian = 0 degrees longitude and serves as the division between the eastern and western hemisphere

10. Latitude and Longitude Example: 38º 50’ N, 77º 00’ W

11. Exercise:
Using your student atlas and what you have learned let’s find the following locations using Latitude and Longitude.
Remember Latitude always comes first and all of the locations will be large cities. There may be others close, but pick the largest one.
Locate the city and country for each set of coordinates for the next several slides.

12. First location
40º40’ N, 73º58’ W

13. Answer:
New York, USA

14. Second location
49º N, 2º E

15. Answer
Paris, France

16. Third location
33º55’ S, 151º E

17. Answer
Sidney, Australia

18. Fourth location
22º50’ S, 43º W

19. Answer
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

20. Map projection is the way we fit earth’s three-dimensional surface onto flat paper or a screen

21. Map Styles Robinson – less distorted than Mercator in shape and size.
Mercator – simple, but distorted. Areas near the poles appear much bigger. Shapes are accurate.

24. Maps and their Distortion
Map projection – distortion occurs because you must transform the curved surface of the earth onto a flat plan.
Map scale – most maps are smaller than the reality they represent. Map scales tell us how much smaller.
Map type – you can display the same information on different types of maps.

25. Various Informational Maps
Physical Map – show physical features and the relief (altitude changes)
Political Maps – shows political division
Thematic Maps – are designed to illustrate specific information (climate, vegetation, natural resources)

26. PHYSICAL MAP

28. Thematic – population map