1. Prokaryote and Eukaryote

2. Prokaryotes Means before nucleus or before kernel DNA free floating
Smaller
No membrane bound organelles
Examples include bacteria and archaea

3. Prokaryotes

4. Eukaryotes Means true nucleus or true kernel DNA in the nucleus Larger
Membrane bound organelles
Examples include Fungi, Protists, Plant, and Animal cells

5. Eukaryotes

6. Parts of the Cell

7. Cell Wall In plants only
Provides structure and support to the plant cell
Protects the cell membrane from rupturing if it fills with water
Similar to the frame of a house

8. Cell Membrane In plant and animal cells
Separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment
Allows the transport of molecules in and out of the cell
Keeps some things in and some things out

9. Cytoplasm Fills the cell and surrounds the organelles
Some chemical reactions take place here
Jelly-like substance
Acts like packing peanuts in a cell

10. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Complex delivery system
Smooth ER- stores some particles (ions) that the cell might need later. Packages fats and oils
Rough ER- Called “rough” because it has ribosomes on it; site where proteins are created by ribosomes

11. Ribosomes Hook amino acids together to make proteins
Built by the nucleolus
Can be free floating or located on the Rough ER
Ribosomes

12. Golgi Complex
Processes and transports proteins and other cell products
Similar to a post office
for a cell

13. Lysosomes Only found in animal cells
Digests food particles and other cell waste
Gets rid of anything the cell can’t use
Like a garbage disposal for a cell

14. Mitochondria Breaks down food to make ATP ATP is energy for the cell
Also known as “The Powerhouse of the cell”

15. Chloroplasts Plant cells only
Makes food for the plant in the form of sugars

16. Vacuole
In plant cells only
Stores water and waste

17. Nucleus Control center of the cell
Contains DNA (arranged in chromosomes)
DNA contains all the instructions for what the cell needs to make and do

18. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds the nucleus
Keeps the nucleus separate from the cytoplasm
Allows for the transfer of certain materials (i.e. proteins)

19. Nucleolus Contained in the nucleus
Contains materials needed to make ribosomes and then produces the ribosomes

20. Plant Cells vs Animal Cells
Cell Wall
Lysosome
Chloroplast
Large vacuole for water storage