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Present simple vs Present Progressive
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One after another or at the same time?
I bake One after another or at the same time? In general or right now? then I eat and drink I’m baking And I’m listening to music
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We are going to the cinema tonight, at 8 pm.
The film starts at 8 pm. We are going to the cinema tonight, at 8 pm. Schedule or arrangement?
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Daily routine or just for a limited period of time?
I go to school by bus ? ? I’m going to school by bus today
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state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit Example: We are on holiday.
Certain Verbs The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present (not in the progressive form). state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit Example: We are on holiday. possession: belong, have Example: Sam has a cat. senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch Example: He feels the cold. feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish Example: Jane loves pizza. brain work: believe, know, think, understand Example: I believe you. Introductory clauses for direct speech: answer, ask, reply, say Example: “I am watching TV,“ he says.
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Present perfect vs Present perfect continuous
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Result or duration? I have written 5 letters.
I have been writing for 2 hours.
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Emphasis on completion or duration?
I have been doing my homework What have you been doing? I have done my homework
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Result or side effect? I have washed the car. Why are you so wet?
I have been washing the car.
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Permanent or temporary?
Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive Permanent James has lived in this town for 10 years. (Meaning: He is a permanent resident of this town.) temporary James has been living here for a year. (Meaning: This situation is only temporary. Maybe he is an exchange student and only here for one or two years.)
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state: be, have (for possession only)
Certain verbs The following verbs are usually only used in Present Perfect Simple (not in the progressive form). state: be, have (for possession only) Example: We have been on holiday for two weeks. senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch Example: He has touched the painting. brain work: believe, know, think, understand Example: I have known him for 3 years.
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Present Perfect vs Past simple
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Certain event in the past or how often so far?
Simple Past Present Perfect Simple certain event in the past Example: He went to Canada last summer. Not at a specific time Example: Have you ever been to Canada? /
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Certain event or unspecific event in the past ?
??? We went to Canada last summer. We have been to Canada twice.
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Emphasis on action or result?
Simple Past Present Perfect Simple Emphasis on action I bought a new bike. (just telling what I did in the past.) Emphasis on result I have bought a new bike. (With this sentence I actually want to express that I have a new bike now.)
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Signal Words just already yesterday up to now ... ago
Simple Past Present Perfect Simple yesterday ... ago in 1990 the other day last ... just already up to now until now / till now ever (not) yet so far lately / recently
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