1. What do you remember about the causes of WWI?
Warm up 12/13
What do you remember about the causes of WWI?

2. Socratic Seminar
Citing evidence from both SS and LA you will discuss the following:
How did the Gilded Age look different for those above and below the “Gilt”?
What were the different types of oppression/marginalization there were faced by minority groups during the Gilded Age/Progressive era (consider post-Civil War through Imperialism)
What problems and changes/advancements do we see during this era as a result of how minorities are treated/viewed? (Think women, racial minorities, muckrakers)

3. Due Friday Critical Read: Perspectives on the annexation of Hawaii
Critical Read: Primary documents on Chinese Immigration
Critical Read: Gospel of Wealth
Reading Notes: Westward Expansion/Native Americans readings

4. America in WWI

5. Long Term Causes Imperialism Militarism Nationalism
Competition growing over remaining lands
Idea starts to form of taking land from others
Militarism
Everyone planning for war
Building navies and armies
Nationalism
Working for national interest
National independence movements
Alliances: promised to help if attacked
Lots of treaties being signed

6. Short Term Causes Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
War declared on Serbia
Russia mobilizes to help Austria
Germany declares war on Russia
Planned to defeat France quickly
Invade Belgium
Britain enters to protect Belgium

7. 2 Powers Central Powers Allies or Triple Entente
Germany, Austria-Hungary
Allies or Triple Entente
Russia, France, Serbia, Great Britain

8. American Response Mixed views Most sided with Allies
Lots of immigrants
Most sided with Allies
Feared Kaiser
Autocrat
Lots of British propaganda

9. Differing Ideas Neutrality Preparedness Peace
Keep trade alive with everyone
Preparedness
Be ready to aid big trade partners
Peace
Against war in general
Mostly social reformers

10. Entering the War Propaganda coming from Britain Lusitania
Passenger ship carrying arms blown up
Sussex Pledge
Germany promised to give warning
Wilson trying to stay out of war
Germany takes it back
Zimmerman Note
Germany promises Mexico land in exchange for alliance – not taken seriously but furthers war

11. Germany sinks 3 more U.S. ships Congress declares war April 1917
Entering the War
Russia Failing
Russian Revolution
Removed fear of being allied with autocrat
Germany sinks 3 more U.S. ships
Congress declares war April 1917

12. America in Europe Army not big enough Selective Service Act (Draft)
3 million drafted
Training often very brief
New propaganda

16. America in Europe Convoy system African Americans Bolshevik Revolution
Transferred soldiers and goods safely to Europe (partnered with GB)
African Americans
Most never saw battle
Harlem Hell Fighters loaned to French
Bolshevik Revolution
Lenin signs armistice
Germany nearly reaches Paris

17. Ending the War Battle of the Marne Air Attacks German Revolution
Push Germans into retreat
Air Attacks
Mostly used as scare tactic
Needed to counteract zeppelins
German Revolution
Armistice signed: Nov. 11, 1918

18. New Warfare
Tanks
Machine guns
Long range artillery
Trench warfare

19. WWI at Home

20. Money & the Economy Financing Liberty bonds Propaganda
Buy now, Redeem later + interest
Propaganda
Posters and scouts

21. Economy New Agencies War Industries Board War Trade Board
Controlled production (and pretty much everything)
War Trade Board
No dealing with the enemy
National War Labor Board
Settle labor disputes to keep industry going (boost for unions)
War Labor Policies Board
Regulations/standards for war industries

22. Economy Regulations Lever Food and Fuel Control Act Food Fuel
Price controls and rationing
Fuel
Daylight Savings Time

23. Enforcing Loyalty Censorship Restricting Immigration Hatred of Germans
Literacy tests/quotas
Feared spies
Hatred of Germans

24. Loyalty at Home Espionage and Sedition Acts Social Change
Can’t encourage obstruction of war efforts
Controlling Radicals
Socialist groups like IWW that fight capitalism
Social Change
More mobility for women and minorities

25. Making Peace Conference in Paris Wilson’s 14 Points Compromise
Remove trade barriers
Reduce military forces
Self-determination for all
League of nations
Compromise
Didn’t get self-determination

26. League of Nations
Key:
Attack on one is attack on all
Senate feared getting involved in more European wars
Rejects League

27. Final Treaty Biggest problems Didn’t fix tensions Reparations
Wilson feared German reaction to debt

28. U.S. After War Treaty never passes Senate despite popularity
Economy has difficulty adjusting without war production industry
America pulls out of international affairs