1. Acids and Bases

2. What are Acids and Bases?
Round robin:
Discuss the following questions:
What do you already know about Acids & bases?
What are some characteristics of acids? Bases?

3. An acid is: A compound that releases H+ ions when dissolved in water
Ex:
HCl + H2O → H3O+. + Cl-
“H is released when HCl is dissolved in water”
“Released H+ bonds with the Oxygen (very electronegative) to form H3O+(hydronium) ion”

4. An base is: A compound that generates OH- ions when dissolved in water
Ex:
NaOH(s) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
“OH- and Na+ ions are released when NaOH is dissolved in water (not a reaction)
“An excess of OH-- ions makes the solution basic (higher pH)

5. Macroscopic properties of Acids and bases
conduct electricity in solution
turn blue litmus paper red
turn red litmus paper blue
have a sour taste
have a slippery feeling
react with bases to create a neutral solution
react with acids to create a neutral solution
react with active metals to produce hydrogen gas

6. pH scale and examples

7. Use pH paper to test how acidic or basic something is

8. Ways to identify if a liquid is an acid or base.
Can use pH paper
Acids will react with metals more reactive than H - they corrode or oxidize them

9. Sub-Microscopic processes of acids
When dissolved in water Acids form hydronium ions H3O+
HCl+H2O → H3O+ +Cl-
The hydrogen that is lost to the water is called the acidic hydrogen

10. Submicroscopic behavior of bases
Bases produces -OH (hydroxide) ions when it dissolves in water
NaOH(s)→ Na+ (aq) OH-(aq)
Hydroxide ions form by simple ionic dissociation, no reaction occurs
There are a few exceptions to this rule: NH3+H2O→ NH4++OH-
“NH3 is a proton acceptor (Bronsted-Lowry definition)”

11. Acids are electrolytes
They will conduct electricity because they ionize (battery acid)
Weaker acids ionize less

12. Bases are also electrolytes
They will conduct electricity. They produce ions in water, this allows electrons to flow

13. Strength of Acids and Bases
Strong bases completely dissociate turns into –OH ions
Strong acids completely dissociate turns into H3O+ ions
Weak acids & bases partially ionize, most of the solid remains as the acid or base and only some of it breaks off an ion
Ex: Acetic acid (found in vinegar)
CH3COOH + H2O <---> CH3COO- + H3O+
“Only 1 H is acidic (breaks off to form H3O+)”

14. What are Acids and Bases?
Round robin:
Discuss the following questions:
What new things have you learned about acids and bases?
What was the most interesting part of lecture?
What is the difference between weak and strong acids/bases?