1. Argumentative Writing..

2. The argumentative essay
is a genre of writing that requires you to:
1. investigate a topic;
2. collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and
3. establish a position on the topic in a concise manner.

3. Everyday Life Example When we argue: Bob: That was a lame movie!
Suzy: Why?
Bob: The special effects were bad. The monsters were obviously fake.
Suzy: I thought the movie was good because the acting was believable.
Bob’s bad response: You are an idiot.
Bob’s good response: Yes the acting was good but the horrible special effects were too distracting and caused some awkward moments.
Claim
Evidence
Counterclaim
Refutation

4. PERSUASION versus ARGUMENTATION
Persuasion: The action or fact of persuading someone or of being persuaded to do or believe something.
Argumentation: The process of establishing a claim and then proving it with the use of logical reasoning, examples, and research.

5. Persuasive and Argumentative Essay
Difference between
Persuasive and Argumentative Essay
A persuasive essay
May make a claim based on opinion
May not take opposing ideas into account
Persuades by appealing to the audience’s emotion or by relying on the character or credentials of the writer
Emotion-based
An argumentative essay
Makes claims based on factual evidence (research)
Makes counterclaims – the author takes opposing views into account.
Neutralizes or “defeats” serious opposing ideas
Convinces audience through the merit and rationality of the claim and proofs offered
Logic-based

6. Elements of Argumentation
Argument/Claim
An argument states a claim and supports it with reasons and evidence from sources.

7. Elements of Argumentation
Counterargument/Counterclaim
An argument that stands in opposition to your argument/claim. The counterargument is your opponent’s (the other side’s) argument that tries to explains why you are wrong.

8. Elements of Argumentation
Refutation
Simply disproving an opposing argument. It is an important skill because it is how a writer successfully convinces the audience of the validity of his/her own argument.

9. Why is Organization Important in Argument Writing?
Guides an audience through your reasoning process
Offers a clear explanation of each argued point
Demonstrates the credibility of the writer

10. Organizing Your Argument
Introduction
Thesis statement
Body Paragraphs
Constructing Topic Sentences
Building Main Points
Countering the Opposition
Conclusion

11. Introduction Paragraph
Hook
Restate the Issue
Thesis
Three arguments
Logical
Ethical
Emotional
Legal
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12. Supporting Paragraphs 1-3
State Specific Argument
Supporting Detail 1
Supporting Detail 2
Supporting Detail 3
Closing thought for the reader.
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Conclusion Paragraph
State counter-argument and rebut it (A counter-argument is an argument opposed to your thesis, or part of your thesis. It expresses the view of a person who disagrees with your position.)
Restate three arguments
Restate thesis
Powerful ending statement
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14. The 4 Keys to a STRONG argument!
Arguments can be legal, ethical, logical, or emotional.
It is OKAY to make up information as long as it is BELIEVABLE

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Legal Argument
It deals with the law.
Example: People should be able to have their lockers free from searches because it is a violation of privacy.
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Ethical Arguments
Deals with common morals.
Example: It is not right to kill another person so the death penalty should not be in effect.
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Logical Argument
Is based on logic. If this happens, then this will happen…
Example: If the government begins tracking us using our cell phones, then they will start monitoring every aspect of our lives.
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Emotional Argument
Appeals to the emotion.
Example: If someone in your family was accused of a crime and sentenced to the death penalty, how would you feel? How would you feel if later you found out they were innocent?
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19. RESEARCH!!
You cannot build a thesis and argument without research!
Books, articles, videos, etc. are the blocks we need to build a strong argument.
Brick by brick…Article by article we are going to build a strong argument!
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20. Research in Body Paragraphs
Researched material can aid you in proving the claims of your argument and disproving oppositional claims.
Be sure to use your research to support the claims made in your topic sentences – make your research work to prove your argument.

21. Six Types of Support Statistics Cause & Effect Anecdote
Quote an Expert
Compare & Contrast
Example

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Statistics
Definition: cite supporting statistics including surveys, studies, etc.
Example: In a survey 4 out of 5 students leave the classroom at least 2 times per day to get a drink of water.
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Cause & Effect
Definition: explain the cause of the problem/or the effect of the problem for your argument.
Example: Students are leaving class to get water which causes more class disruptions. This is why students should have water bottles in class.
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Anecdote
Definition: Tell a personal story (you or a friend experienced...) that makes your point.
Example: I know that when I leave the classroom to get a drink of water, when I enter the classroom everyone looks at me. Also, I have to ask someone what we are doing because I am lost.
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Quote an Expert
Definition: make up an expert and have him/her give you a “quote.”
Example: Dr. Percy, a leading pediatrician, states, “Students can focus better when they are hydrated.”
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Examples
Example: For example, when students leave and enter the room it causes minor classroom disruptions. Depending on what is going on valuable instructional time is wasted when the problem is so easy to solve.
Definition: use samples that support your argument.
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Compare & Contrast
Definition: – tell what the problem or solution would be like or unlike.
Example: If students are able to bring water to class there would be less disruptions because students would not have to leave to get water when the weather is really hot. They would just take a quick drink from their water bottle.
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28. Let’s Practice… We will do one together first!
With your group develop an argument and support for each topic around the room.
Important: Each topic tells you what kind of argument and support you must create!
You must argue both sides!
We will do one together first!
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Topic # 1
Should students be required to wear school uniforms? Argument: Emotional Support: Cause & Effect
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Requirements
Paragraph One - Introduction contains the thesis statement and the three main arguments you will use to support your position. (A thesis is your position on the topic.)
Paragraph Two - 1st main argument (reason) and three or more supporting details
Paragraph Three - 2nd main argument (reason) and three or more supporting details
Paragraph Four - 3rd main argument (reason) and three or more supporting details
Paragraph Five - Conclusion contains a restatement of your thesis and the arguments you used to support your main idea. Do not state anything new.
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31. Six types of support are:
Let’s Recap…
Arguments can be legal, ethical, logical, or emotional.
It is OKAY to make up information as long as it is BELIEVABLE.
Six types of support are:
Statistics (fact with a number or percentage)
Cause & Effect (If THIS happens, then THAT will happen)
Anecdote (personal story about you or a friend)
Quote an Expert (Dr._____, a leading ______, says, “_____.”
Compare & Contrast (Compare how it is now to what it could be.)
Example (For example…)
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