1. Grand Canyon
Controlled Flood – 1996
Cost $2.5 million in lost power

2. Youth
Early Maturity
Late Maturity
Old Age
Rejuvenation
uplift or lower
base level

3. River Terraces
Incised Meanders

5. Group PRS
What could have caused this change?
Rise in Base Level
Drop in base Level
Drop in elevation
Increase in Rainfall
Decrease in Stream Velocity

7. Stream Piracy

11. GROUNDWATER

12. Infiltration rate affected by porosity/permeability of surface, soil water content, time

14. The water table is the boundary between zones of _____ and _____
Transpiration and Infiltration
Saturation and Unsaturation
Infiltration and Runoff
Aquifer and Surface
Transpiration and Runoff

17. Development of an area usually increases
Transpiration
Infiltration
Runoff
Groundwater
All of the above

18. So what does it matter if runoff is affected?
So, what do we do?

19. AQUIFER – rock/soil with high permeability and porosity
AQUITARDE (Aquiclude) – material with low permeability
RECHARGE – water goes into groundwater system – rain, influent streams, injection wells
DISCHARGE – water leaves groundwater system – springs, seeps, wells, evapo-transpiration, effluent streams

20. Wells and Cones of Depression
Within cone of
Depression
Groundwater flow
Direction is changed

21. Under what
circumstances
could the well be
contaminated?
Water table rise B. Water table fall
C. Well pumped D. Well not pumped

22. Confined Aquifers and Artesian Systems

23. KARST
H2O + CO2 =
H2CO3

25. In Karst terranes, the land surface is underlain by
Sandstone
Granite
Rhyolite
Metamorphic Rocks
Limestone

29. Karst terranes are not typified by
Sinkholes B. Caves C. Geysers
D. Springs E. All these are typical

36. Lake Jackson

38. Group Question
If you are considering buying a piece of property, would you investigate the presence of a possible sink hole?
A=yes
B=no

39. Groundwater and Development

42. In the 1990’s representatives from the Tampa-St
In the 1990’s representatives from the Tampa-St. Petersburg Area were considering a contract with Wakulla Co. to buy water and pipe from the coast here to Tampa. Do you think this is a good idea?
A=yes
B=no

43. Deep Aquifer Zones and Waste Injection
“Out of sight….”

44. Waste Injection Wells

45. Do you think waste injection into the boulder zone is a good long term solution?
A=yes
B=no

46. Waste Injection Wells

47. Salt Water Intrusion seawater is denser than fresh water
For every 1 m that the WT is above sealevel, the SW/FW boundary will be ~40 m below sealevel

51. Aquifer
Storage &
Recovery