1. Sem Review Part 2 ~ Meteorology

2. Atmosphere
Describe the difference between WEATHER
&
CLIMATE

3. Fronts, Pressure, & Sky Conditions
Describe the movement of air near HIGH and low pressure centers.
Explain why Michigan has mostly clear skies under HIGH pressure but cloudy skies under low pressure.

4. 2 Main gases of Earth’s Atmo.
Nitrogen:
Oxygen:

5. Atmosphere
Describe the importance of the 3 minor atmospheric components:
Water Vapor
Ozone
Atmospheric Dust

6. CFC’s
Breakdown O-Zone in the Stratosphere.

7. Layers of the Atmosphere

8. Lower Atmosphere
Describe the temperature trend in each of the bottom 2 layers of Earth atmosphere.
Explain what causes that temperature trend.

9. Filtering out EM radiation
Describe how each form of EM radiation is filtered out by a different layer(s) of the atmosphere
Gamma & X-Ray UV
IR & Vis

10. Heating the troposphere
Using the terms conduction, convection, and radiation, explain how each process contributes to the daily heating of the troposphere.
Explain the daily “delay” in heating.

11. Albedo

12. Factors affecting temperature
Explain which factor affects the temperature difference between each pair of cities
Latitude
Elevation
Maritime Location

13. Movement of Weather Trade winds: Westerly winds:
Begin at equator move from the East to the West
Westerly winds:
Winds affecting the U.S., move from the West to the East

14. Calculating Relative Humidity
Determine water vapor capacity for each temperature below
5°C 8am)
9°C 12pm)
12°C 3pm)
Use your capacity #s to calculate relative humidity % if the specific humidity is constant (12g of H2O)

15. Cloud Formation Describe each ingredient needed for cloud formation.
Explain the source
Convective Cooling
Forceful Lifting
Air Mass Lifting
Mountain Lifting

16. CLOUDS Draw and describe the structure of the following cloud types:
Stratus
Cumulus
Cirrus
Cumulonimbus

17. Mountain Terrain

18. Air Masses
Describe (and show on a map) the 4 main air masses that affect the U.S.: mT cP cT mP

19. Fronts, Pressure, & Sky Conditions
Describe the movement of air near HIGH and low pressure centers.
Explain why Michigan has mostly clear skies under HIGH pressure but cloudy skies under low pressure.

20. Temperatures & Fronts Compare temperatures in cities A, B, and C.
Explain how approaching fronts will eventually change temperatures for each.
Explain why the front over Lake Superior formed. C B A

21. Reading an isobar map Find wind direction for the following:
Toronto
Topeka
Denver
Augusta
Rank them strongest (1) to calmest (4) winds

22. Severe Weather Explain the scientific cause of each:
Hail
Lighting
Thunder
Describe the formation of a tornado
Where and Why

23. Severe Weather Describe Hurricane formation. Include diagram
Where winds are highest
Winds lowest
Air pressures associated with hurricanes
What fuels them
What happens when they go on land
Most costly part of hurricanes

24. Biogeochemical Cycles
Why is Earth considered a “closed system”
Illustrate:
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle

25. Climate Change Greenhouse Effect Causes of Climate Change
CO2 Levels in atmo.
Direct/Indirect evidence

26. Ocean Salinity Melting of land ice
Would affect salt content and would change ocean patterns.

27. Ocean Currents Effect on: What causes currents? Maritime Climates
Northern Latitudes
What causes currents?

28. Greenhouse Gases
The major natural greenhouse gases are water vapor, which causes about 36-70%
carbon dioxide, which causes 9-26%; 
methane, which causes 4-9%, and 
ozone, which causes 3-7%. 

29. Climate Change
Natural:
Man-Made:

30. Atmosphere CO2 Levels

31. Global Warming Warmer Oceans: Sea-level rise
Severity of Storms (hurricanes)

32. Climate Change Evidence
Tree Rings
Pollen Spores
Ice Cores/CO2