1. Hannibal, Scipio Africanus, and Military Tactics in the Second Punic War

2. Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus

3. Hannibal Barca of Carthage

4. Roman infantry in the 3rd century BC
Lendon, J. E. Soldiers and Ghosts: A History of Battle in Classical Antiquity. Yale: Yale
University Press, 2005, 180.

5. Goldsworthy, Adrian. The Complete Roman Army
Goldsworthy, Adrian. The Complete Roman Army. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd, 2003, 29.

6. Le Glay et al. A History of Rome. Fourth edition
Le Glay et al. A History of Rome. Fourth edition. Published by Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, 76.

7. Battle of Cannae, 216 BC
Goldsworthy, Adrian. Smithsonian History of Warfare: Roman Warfare. HarperCollinsPublishers, 2005,

8. Battle of Marathon, 490 BC
Hunt, August. “The Battle of Marathon.” Atlantis Archives (Oct. 2008). (accessed Aug. 26, 2009).

9. Storming of Carthago Nova, 209 BC
Goldsworthy, Adrian. The Fall of Carthage: The Punic Wars BC. London: Cassell, 2000, 272.

10. Battle of Ilipa in Iberia, 206 BC
Hart, B. H. Liddell. A Greater Than Napoleon: Scipio Africanus. New York: Biblo and
Tannen, 1976, 60.

11. Battle of Zama, 202 BC
Hart, B. H. Liddell. A Greater Than Napoleon: Scipio Africanus. New York: Biblo and
Tannen, 1976, 176.