1. Diverse biological responses to different cardiotonic steroids
Moran Dvela, Haim Rosen, Tomer Feldmann, Maoz Nesher, David Lichtstein 
Pathophysiology 
Volume 14, Issue 3, Pages (December 2007)
DOI: /j.pathophys
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Structure of cardenolides (ouabain and digoxin) and bufadienolides (bufalin and marinobufagenin).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Inhibition of digoxin-induced changes in membrane traffic by ouabain. NT2 cells were grown on glass cover slips for 24h. The medium was then replaced with medium containing digoxin, ouabain or a mixture of the two steroids. Following 20min incubation, the medium was removed and the cells were incubated for 5min in PBS containing FM1-43. The reagent was then removed and the cells were washed twice with PBS, and incubated for an additional 4h in the presence of the steroids. Images were obtained using a fluorescence microscope. (A–C) Merged images of the phase contrast and fluorescence signals. Quantification of the ouabain effect on digoxin-and bufalin-induced changes in FM1-43 accumulation is depicted in (D) and (E), respectively. Reproduced from Fig. 2 of Ref. [52] with permission of Am. J. Physiol.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Multiple pathways for biological responses of CS. CS can interact with different receptor complexes of the Na+, K+-ATPase, resulting in inhibition of ion transport or activation of signal transduction mechanism, resulting in a diversity of biological responses.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions