1. Crime and Law
Types of Crime

2. Type of Crime
Description
Examples
White-Collar Crime
Blue-Collar Crime
Corporate Crime
Crime of Hatred
Cybercrime
Domestic Abuse
Crime Involving Fire
Violent Crime

3. Description
Carried out by businesses or corporations, or a person acting on behalf of a corporation.
Involves a computer or a network including exploitation of the internet. Issues becoming more high profile today.
A pattern of behaviour which involves the abuse by one partner against another; can take many forms,
Deliberately using fire to intentionally and maliciously set fire to buildings, wild-land areas, vehicles or other property with the intent to cause damage.
Professionals who work in trained services and sales (offices) – not manual labour. Often hidden crimes that go unnoticed / reported
The offender uses or threatens to use violent force upon the victim - act can be the objective (murder) as well as being means to an end (robbery)
Member of a working class who performs skilled or unskilled labouring jobs i.e. – construction. More obvious in society.
When an offender targets their victim because they are a member of a social group (i.e. race, religion, sexuality)

4. Examples of Crime – show your understanding
Sort the following examples into the correct type:
Illegal use of a firearm
Verbal racist abuse
Violence towards spouse
Computer hacking
Burglary
Tax Avoidance
Dealing in illegal substances
Shoplifting
Copyright theft
Identity theft
Homicide
Assault
Vandalism
Graffiti
Mugging
Driving without a licence
Selling alcohol to people under 18
Mis-selling insurance
Online Tax fraud
Online Banking Fraud
Kidnapping

5. Key Definitions Other types of crime include: Knife Crime Gun Crime
Human Trafficking
Anti-Social Behaviour
Drug Crime

6. Who Commits Crime?
The idea that every group in society is equally likely to commit a crime is incorrect. Statistics show that some groups of people are more likely to commit crime than others. People are more likely to commit crime if they are:

7. However, the number of crimes recorded in Scotland each year is actually decreasing, According to Police Scotland, between April and March , there was a 4.7 per cent decrease in crime recorded across all categories.

8. Give a reason for both of your choices.
Activity 1
Scott Anderson
Aged 19
Lives in the Gorbals, Glasgow
Laurie Strachan
Ages 80
Lives in Seafield, West Lothian
Morgan Kenyon
Aged 28
Lives in Leith in Edinburgh
Steven Hailstones
Aged 45
Lives in Linlithgow,
West Lothian
Which of the following people is most likely to commit a crime and least likely to commit a crime?
Give a reason for both of your choices.

9. Who is most likely to commit crimes? COPY
Young people - The peak age for committing crime is for males and for females. For offences (minor crimes e.g. breach of the peace) the peak age is lower for both males and females.
Males - The majority of crime (80%) is committed by men. Almost all violent crime is committed by men.
Those living in a city (or urban) area. The majority of crime happens in city areas, particularly in city centres at weekends or in areas with poorer quality housing.
However, the number of crimes recorded in Scotland each year is actually decreasing, According to Police Scotland, between April and March , there was a 4.7 per cent decrease in crime recorded across all categories.

10. Causes of Crime - Explanations
Causes of crime are complex and often involve linking many factors together to get a better understanding
To avoid stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination
Some of the main issues that can be linked to today’s society are: PAPERS
Poverty – especially in current economic climate – recession
Area – Some areas have higher crime rates than others.
Peer pressure
Education (lack of)
Role models
Some others are influence of alcohol and drugs.

11. Poverty
The areas of Scotland which have large cities tend to have higher rates of crime.
Strathclyde – which contains Glasgow has the highest level of crime in Scotland – 700, per 10,000 people
Dumfries and Galloway has the lowest levels of crimes – 400, per 10,000 people.

12. Cycle of Poverty

13. Glasgow is the most deprived city and local authority area in Scotland.
1 in 3 Glaswegian children lives in a household where no one works compared to the Scottish average 1 in 5.
More than ¼ of all serious assaults were committed in Glasgow.
170 gangs in the Glasgow area compared to 169 in London (over 6 times the size!)

14. Area or Geographical Location
Inner cities e.g. Birmingham, Liverpool, Glasgow breed crime
Crime acceptable e.g. joy riding/vandalism
Criminal Sub Culture (Where people grow up believing crime to be normal). In Glasgow schemes – gangs/ Saturday night booze and blade culture.
Some areas have high unemployment - causes crime as some steal to make basic needs.
Inner cities have a high drop out / truancy rates from school
Run down inner city areas lack of facilities – boredom – vandalism/joy riding etc.
For example, More than ¼ of all serious assaults were committed in Glasgow.

15. Peer Pressure Friends are involved in crime
Encourage or pressure others into crime
Less likely to commit a crime e.g. vandalism, take drugs etc. if your peers don’t do it
Gangs – commit crimes to get into/as part of a gang e.g. theft, joy riding

16. Education Lack of education no qualifications/poorly paid job Poverty
Truancy opting out
Social Exclusion not involved in society / no peers to encourage you to reject crime.
Leads to boredom more likely to get involved in petty crime e.g. vandalism

17. Family background - Role Models
Negative role models or a lack of positive ones
UK Government estimates that there are 120,000 troubled families whose children are at a high risk of repeating their parents’ criminal lifestyles
Lack of love, addictions to alcohol/drugs and an atmosphere of tension/violence are key causes of crime.
Where a young person is deprived of strong role models, strong relationships and happiness from an early age may well be a key cause of crime.

18. Social Exclusion
Higher levels of crime are associated with homelessness, poor health, and drug and alcohol abuse, which lead to social exclusion.
e.g. someone isolated from society due to being homeless
Chances of getting a job lowered after crime, which pushes people into homelessness.

19. Greed
Temptation to carry out a crime. E.g. stealing

20. Drugs and Alcohol
Cause of crime?
An indirect link?

21. Survey – 7 out of 10 accused of murder had been drinking or on drugs
Nearly 7,000 of Scotland's prisoners were drunk at the time of committing the offence.

22. The Causes of Crime

23. Lack of pride in Community
Lack of belonging
Lack of pride in Community
Poor Housing
SOCIAL CAUSES
Lack of self-esteem
Exclusion from school
Peer Pressure

24. Unable to claim benefits
Social Exclusion
Unable to claim benefits
Recession
Economic Causes
Poverty

25. Densely populated area
Area of deprivation
Densely populated area
Lack of facilities
Geographical

26. Upbringing Lack of positive role models Physical Abuse
Family members involved in crime
Upbringing

27. Importance attached to material belongings
Greed
Importance attached to material belongings
Culture

28. Activities
Add to your notes using the how to pass textbook and crime textbook. You may wish to do this as a spider diagram.

29. Examples and Explanations for Crime
Cause of Crime
Explanation of why this leads to crime
Example of type of crime…
Family Background
Peer Pressure/Gang culture
Poor Environment - Geography
Economic circumstances -Poverty
Circumstances – social exclusion
Greed
Alcohol / Drugs

30. (b) In your conclusion – state whether you agree or disagree and why
Activities
1. Copy the following statement:
“People are responsible for their own behaviour and have only themselves to blame if they get involved in criminal activities”
(a) Explain why some people might AGREE with this statement and why some people might DISAGREE. (2 paragraphs for each – Use PEE)
(b) In your conclusion – state whether you agree or disagree and why
(c) Do drugs lead people into criminal activity? Or are those who use drugs already prone to such activity? Discuss.

31. Modernity Scotland Textbook pages 80-81 – “Alcohol and Crime”
Activities
Modernity Scotland Textbook pages – “Alcohol and Crime”
What are the consequences of alcohol abuse (cost)?
Describe, in detail, new laws (Acts) the Scottish Government have passed relating to Alcohol in recent years.
Explain arguments FOR and AGAINST the acts – do they do the job

32. 2010 Int 2 KU
The why question!

33. How to answer a question like this
8 marks = 3 paragraphs
PEE in every paragraph
Explain questions expect you to say Why something happens. (You should have because in your answer)
If you get more than four paragraphs done, add another reason why.

34. Example of one reason…
One reason some people commit crimes is due to economic issues such as poverty.
Poverty can leave people unable to afford or take care of everyday needs such as food, clothing and shelter as well as luxuries and technology. Therefore they may feel the need to turn to crime to make money, such as drugs or organised crime, or steal items they cannot afford.
Another economic reason people may commit crimes is due to long term unemployment…

35. Many young people turn to crime as a result of social exclusion
Many young people turn to crime as a result of social exclusion. They may have been left out of certain aspects of society because of a number of factors including poverty, unemployment, lack of education or positive role models and even the area they live in. (Introduction)
Young people who have had a poor education are more likely to offend than those who are well-educated. (P) The lack of qualifications means they are more likely to have low-paid jobs or be unemployed, meaning little or no money for things like technology or fashion items. (Exp) They may turn to shoplifting, for example, to get the items they feel they should have. (EG)

36. People who live in poor areas are often tempted into a life of crime
People who live in poor areas are often tempted into a life of crime. (P) Poorer areas tend to have few facilities and young people, in particular, can become bored. (EXP) Boredom can sometimes tempt people to get involved in activities which are not legal. They might even join a gang and engage in anti-social behaviour such as street fighting with other gangs. (EG) This means that people who live in areas with high crime commit crime due to being involved with others who do the same. (A)
A lack of positive role models can often lead young people into criminal behaviour. (P) If a child’s parents or older siblings have no respect for the law or other people’s property, he or she will grow up with the same attitude. (EXP) As a result, the child will be more likely to get involved in things which are illegal such as vandalism. (EG)

37. Peer pressure is another factor which can lead to criminal behaviour amongst young people. (P) They may be persuaded or led by others into taking illegal drugs, for example. (EXP) Addiction could lead to further criminal activity such as stealing money or goods to sell, to pay for more drugs. (EG)
Poverty, more generally, can lead people to commit crimes. (P) Sometimes people living in a poor area or suffering long-term unemployment will not even have money to buy essentials. (EXP) For example, they may be forced into shop-lifting food to feed their family. (EG)