1. “Monotheistic Belief Systems” Chart
then answer the following question:
How are Islam, Judaism, & Christianity similar?
How are they different?

2. Deity/Leader: God & Jesus
Christianity
Where: Church
Holy Book: Bible
Day of the week: Sunday
Deity/Leader: God & Jesus

3. Day of the week: Saturday Deity/Leader: God and Moses
Judaism
Where: Synagogue
Holy Book: Torah
Day of the week: Saturday
Deity/Leader: God and Moses

4. Deity/Leader: God and Muhammad
Islam
Where: Mosque
Holy Book: Koran
Day of the week: Friday
Deity/Leader: God and Muhammad

5. Islamic Achievements Activity
For each slide, guess what area of achievement you think the image is depicting. You will see the actually answers as we continue.

6. #1

7. Islamic Achievements Number System:
Islamic scholars borrowed Indian number system & spread it through Mediterranean
“Arabic” numbers include groups of ten & concept of zero
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc.
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, etc.

8. #2

9. Islamic Achievements
Algebra:
Developed “Al-Jabar” (algebra) to solve difficult mathematical problems
Substitute x, y, z for numbers in order to solve math problems

10. #3

11. Islamic Achievements
Chemistry:
Islamic scholars were the 1st to separate chemical compounds from one another
Led to developments in modern chemistry

12. #4

13. Islamic Achievements
Navigation:
Astrolabe—sailors could reliably determine location by using the fixed position of stars
Lateen sail—triangular sails allowed merchants to sail with and into the wind

14. #5

15. Islamic Achievements Banking:
Muslim caliphs created banks throughout the empire that extended credit to merchants
Muslim trade grew because merchants could cash checks in any Islamic bank in the empire

16. #6

17. Islamic Achievements
Education:
Scholars translated Greek, Persian, Indian, Arabic texts in the “House of Wisdom”
This open-mindedness kept alive many Greek ideas that would have died otherwise

18. #7

19. Islamic Achievements Art:
Muslim artists used geometric & floral designs rather than painting people or animals
Left very unique artistic style
Calligraphy is a beautiful writing style that shows honor for the written material

20. #8

21. Islamic Achievements
Chess:
Indian game made popular by Muslims offered an intellectual challenge

22. #9

23. Islamic Achievements
Literature:
Poetry considered to be greatest Islamic artistic style; usually sung & kept short
Arabian Nights is a collection of folktales about a genie in magical lamp

24. #10

25. Islamic Achievements
Architecture:
Muslims built beautiful mosques to show respect for Allah
Used domes, columns, golden writing, & geometric designs

26. Motivations for Crusades
Crusades became a religious, economic, & political conflict
Religious—defeat Muslims & retake holy lands, spread Christianity
Economic—gain trade routes
Political—unite Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox Christianity, prove Pope’s power

28. Fighting the Crusades
Between 50,000-60,000 knights became Crusaders to defeat Muslims; came from present-day France, Italy, Germany, England, Scotland, Spain
First Crusade—was only successful Crusade; claimed 400 miles of land from Edessa to Jerusalem in 1099; created 4 feudal states (Edessa, Acre, Triploi, Jerusalem), each ruled by a French noble

29. Path of the Crusades

30. CHRISTIANS
MUSLIMS

31. Fighting the Crusades
After the First Crusade, Muslims took back Jerusalem & Edessa, which led to more Crusades that the Muslims won
Fourth Crusade—crusaders never fought Muslims but fought Byzantines; looted & burned Constantinople; these actions forever divided Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox Christianity

34. Islamic Achievements Activity
For each slide, guess what area of achievement you think the image is depicting. You will see the actually answers as we continue.

35. #1

36. Islamic Achievements Number System:
Islamic scholars borrowed Indian number system & spread it through Mediterranean
“Arabic” numbers include groups of ten & concept of zero
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc.
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, etc.

37. #2

38. Islamic Achievements
Algebra:
Developed “Al-Jabar” (algebra) to solve difficult mathematical problems
Substitute x, y, z for numbers in order to solve math problems

39. #3

40. Islamic Achievements
Chemistry:
Islamic scholars were the 1st to separate chemical compounds from one another
Led to developments in modern chemistry

41. #4

42. Islamic Achievements
Navigation:
Astrolabe—sailors could reliably determine location by using the fixed position of stars
Lateen sail—triangular sails allowed merchants to sail with and into the wind

43. #5

44. Islamic Achievements Banking:
Muslim caliphs created banks throughout the empire that extended credit to merchants
Muslim trade grew because merchants could cash checks in any Islamic bank in the empire

45. #6

46. Islamic Achievements
Education:
Scholars translated Greek, Persian, Indian, Arabic texts in the “House of Wisdom”
This open-mindedness kept alive many Greek ideas that would have died otherwise

47. #7

48. Islamic Achievements Art:
Muslim artists used geometric & floral designs rather than painting people or animals
Left very unique artistic style
Calligraphy is a beautiful writing style that shows honor for the written material

49. #8

50. Islamic Achievements
Chess:
Indian game made popular by Muslims offered an intellectual challenge

51. #9

52. Islamic Achievements
Literature:
Poetry considered to be greatest Islamic artistic style; usually sung & kept short
Arabian Nights is a collection of folktales about a genie in magical lamp

53. #10

54. Islamic Achievements
Architecture:
Muslims built beautiful mosques to show respect for Allah
Used domes, columns, golden writing, & geometric designs