1. Early Marriage and Women’s Reproductive Vulnerability Dr
  Early Marriage and Women’s Reproductive Vulnerability Dr. Hind Abou Seoud Khattab
ESPSRH - May 2014

2. SOCIO CULTURAL PROFILE

3. Research Cases
300 women in the reproductive age (15-49) years were subjected to an in-depth focused interview.
In 3 Rural sites and 3 squatter sites
Rural sites:المنيا كفرحميد والعزيزية بالجيزة - تل العمارنة
Squatter sites :منشاة ناصر بالقاهرة-شبرا الخيمة بالقليوبية –العامرية بالاسكندرية
Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites
ESPSRH-May 2014

4. Marital Status Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites
ESPSRH-May 2014

5. Age at Marriage Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites
ESPSRH-May 2014

6. Education of the Total Interviewed Women
Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites
ESPSRH-May 2014

7. Education of the Interviewed Women Married below 18 Year
Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites 7
ESPSRH-May 2014

8. As the highest level of education in 4 of the 6 research sites was preparatory.
Many families in rural sites were afraid of sending their daughters to schools outside the village for higher grades of education fearing from lack of security or of being subjected to harassing.
Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites
ESPSRH-May 2014

9. Premarital Screening
Although the majority of women assured that the premarital screening is important, only 14% confirmed they had done it.
Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites
ESPSRH-May 2014

10. Age at First Pregnancy
As 132 women had married below the age of 18 years, it was not surprising that many women had their first pregnancy below 18 years. 75 per cent of those women had their first pregnancy in the age range of years.
Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites
ESPSRH-May 2014

11. Duration of Time between Marriage and First Pregnancy
Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites
ESPSRH-May 2014

12. Age at Marriage and Number of Pregnancies
Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites
ESPSRH-May 2014

13. Women Working before Marriage
One third of the women were working before marriage
They worked in factories or in kindergartens, or as teachers, employees at the government, and some women were selling vegetables or groceries, or were farmers.
Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites
ESPSRH-May 2014

14. Working after Marriage
The reasons for discontinuing
Her husband did not want her to work
To take care of her children
The work place was too for
The reasons for continuing
To help her husband
Life is difficult
Did not earn enough money
To save money for her
children
To assist her family
Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites
ESPSRH-May 2014

15. Knowledge before Marriage about Reproductive Health Concept
Information
Pregnancy
Breast feeding
Labor
Sexual relations
Contraceptive methods
Sources of information
Family members (60%)
The media (21%)
The school (19%)
General knowledge (4%)
Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites
ESPSRH-May 2014

16. Knowledge before Marriage about Problems Related to Early Pregnancy
Information
Weak health and malnutrition for mother and child
Bleeding, miscarriage
Cesarean section
Fetal death
Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites
ESPSRH-May 2014

17. Currently Performing Household Duties
Why not performing household duties as before?
I always feel tired and dizzy
I have many responsibilities
No one helps me
Because of many pregnancies and many children
I am depressed
Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites
ESPSRH-May 2014

18. Satisfaction with Current Life
Why not happy?
Cannot deal with my husband, there is no love, a traditional marriage, did not know him before marriage.
He hurts me, he takes his
own decisions and does not
consult me.
I live with his family, do not
have a separate place.
I have many responsibilities.
There is not enough money,
everything is expensive.
Early Marriage and Women's Reproductive Vulnerability
Socio-Cultural Profile of Interviewed Women in Rural and Squatter Sites
ESPSRH-May 2014

19. CONCLUSION

20. Early married women were less educated and had more children.
Knowledge before marriage about reproductive health concept was limited among interviewed women, and the main source of information was the mother or other family members.
The impact of early marriage extends to affect women’s choices, education, social and psychological health.
Early marriage represents an obstacle to the development goal, as preventing women from integrating in education and work and can pause many burdens on the country’s economy.

21. Thank you