1. Bellringer
Get out your photosynthesis notes: Add questions (at least 2 per page) and a summary to your notes.
Summary
3 things you learned
2 things you found interesting
1 question you still have

2. Learning Targets
Explain how cellular respiration converts stored chemical energy in food molecules to energy used by the organism to maintain life.
Distinguish key differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in the use of oxygen and energy production.

3. Cellular Respiration

4. 
Respiration
AND
Respiration – the biochemical process that makes ATP from glucose
Occurs in both autotrophs and heterotrophs.

5. 
Respiration
There are two types of respiration, AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC.
Aerobic respiration requires OXYGEN to release energy.
The chemical equation for aerobic respiration is:
C6H O2  6H2O + 6CO ATP
Glucose Oxygen Water Carbon Dioxide Energy

6. 
Respiration
Anaerobic respiration DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN. (Also called FERMENTATION)
Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration begin with the same process, glycolysis.

7. C6H12O6 + 2 ATP  2 Pyruvic acid + 4 ATP
Glycolysis
Occurs in CYTOPLASM
Means “split the sugar,”
The chemical equation for glycolysis is:
C6H12O6 + 2 ATP  2 Pyruvic acid + 4 ATP

8. 
Glycolysis
Glucose molecules are broken down into 2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate) molecules
Two ATP molecules are used and four ATP molecules are created resulting in a net gain of two ATP.
Following glycolysis, the pyruvic acid molecules can follow two paths: aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration.

9. 
Glycolysis 2
Glucose
Glycolysis

10. Mitochondria Double membrane outer membrane inner membrane
highly folded cristae
enzymes & transport proteins

11. Aerobic Respiration  Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA
Pyruvic acid molecules are converted to Acetyl-CoA molecules.
Acetyl-CoA broken down into H+, CO2, and ATP
Krebs Cycle: Occurs in Mitochondrial Matrix. Produces large quantity of electron carriers that will be used in the electron transport chain to power it.
The H+ ions bond to carrier molecules, NAD+ and FAD to make NADH and FADH2.

12. 
Aerobic Respiration
NADH and FADH2 go through a series of step reactions – the electron transport chain – to produce ATP.
Electron Transport Chain: Occurs in cristae (folded inner membrane) of mitochondria. Produces water and 36 ATP.

13. 
Aerobic Respiration
Each cycle produces 10 NADH molecules, 2 FADH2 molecules and 2 ATP.
1 NADH = 3 ATP
1 FADH2 = 2 ATP
The end product of aerobic respiration is the production of 36 ATP MOLECULES.

14. Aerobic Respiration  2 36 Glucose Glycolysis Glucose Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport

15. Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Occurs in the CYTOPLASM.
Occurs in the absence of oxygen

16. Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Lactic acid Fermentation- converts pyruvic acid to lactic acid and CO2
Lactic acid can build up in muscles when they run out of oxygen and causes muscle soreness
Alcoholic fermentation- converts pyruvic acid to ethanol and CO2
Process used to make wine, beer, cheese, and bread
Both processes result in the production of only 2 ATP MOLECULES.

17. Factors Affecting Respiration:
Factors Affecting Respiration:
ATP concentration - the more ATP molecules available, the slower the rate of respiration.

18. Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Glucose
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport 2 36
Fermentation (without oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid