1. Energy is stored in the chemical bonds of glucose
Light energy*  Chemical bond energy (ATP*)
ATP* hydrolysis  ADP + Pi + energy*
6CO H2O (H source) + energy*  glucose*

2. To synthesize organic molecules, it takes energy and reducing power.
ATP
Source of attachable H.

3. To retrieve energy from glucose:
1. strip away high energy electrons from the chemical bonds of glucose
2. this is oxidation (loss of electrons)
3. cellular respiration is a two-step process:
remove electrons
use the energy in those electrons

5. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of all living organisms
enzymatic splitting of glucose
yields 2 pyruvates
net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH*

7. Substrate-level phosphorylation

8. Pyruvate oxidized (by NAD+)
One C removed as CO2
Coenzyme A is added
Leaves acetyl-CoA

9. Acetyl-CoA can have many fates:
ATP synthesis (in mitochondria)
fat synthesis
lipid synthesis
amino acid synthesis

10. 2 CO2
3 NADH
1 FADH2
1 ATP
original 4-C sugar

12. Electron Transport System

13. Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
source of high-energy electrons
used electrons cannot be recycled in mitochondria

14. Net results

15. ATP production decreases when ATP is plentiful.

17. Animal cells convert pyruvate to lactic acid in the absence of O2
Makes NAD+ available so glycolysis can continue

19. Yeast cells convert pyruvate to ethanol in the absence of O2