1. IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL

2. Reclamation of Salt Affected Soils

3. Objectives of Reclamation:
To increase crop yield per unit area
To increase WUE
To improve farmers’ living standard

6. Methods of Land Reclamation: 1: Physical Methods
Sub soiling
Deep ploughing
Sanding
Horizon mixing
Profile inversion

8. 2: Biological Methods
Growing of crops on problem soils and/or their incorporation at the stage of maximum biomass productivity.

10. 3:Chemical Methods It includes the application of Gypsum Sulphur
Sulphuric acid
Hydrochloric acid etc

11. Prerequisites for Land Reclamation:
Good surface drainage
Leveled soils
Availability good quality water
Chemical amendments

12. Reclamation of Saline Soils:
Reclamation of saline soil is done by applying excess water to the soil surface. The removal of salts may be accomplished either by continuous ponding of water on soil surface or by intermittent leaching.

13. Reclamation Requirement:
It is amount of water required for reclamation, usually depends upon
Salts concentration
Soil texture
Soil structure
Trenching

15. Reclamation of sodic and saline-sodic soil:
Reclamation of sodic and saline-sodic soil is more difficult, time consuming and expensive than that of saline soil. It involves not only leaching a soluble salts but also the replacement of exchangeable sodium with calcium and the improvement of physical properties of soil. The two most difficult aspects of the reclamation process are
Provision of source for replacement of sodium with calcium
Water for leaching

18. Sources of calcium for replacing exchangeable sodium:
Irrigation water
Gypsum and lime present in soil
Chemical and biological amendments
High-salt water

20. Replacing exchangeable sodium:
CaCO3 is insoluble in water. However, the presence of lime is important in sodic and saline-sodic soil, if it is treated with acids or sulphur, it provides calcium.
when vegetation is established, CO2 released and converts the CaCO3 into relatively soluble Ca(HCO3)2.

21. Crop During Reclamation:
Some kind of vegetation should be grown during reclamation, as they help reclamation and also provide some income to farmers.
Growth of crop helps reclamation in two ways
The development of roots improve the permeability and infiltration capacity of soil.
CO2 released into the soil by roots increase solubility of CaCO3.

23. THANKS