1. Research Methods: Concepts and Connections First Edition
Michael Passer
Research Methods: Concepts and Connections First Edition
Chapter 10:
Experimentation and Validity
Clicker Questions
Questions by Melissa Terlecki, Cabrini College
© 2013 by Worth Publishers

2. Chapter 10
1. Which category of inference assumes an effect would unlikely be due to chance?
inferences about constructs
statistical inferences
causal inferences
inferences about generalizability

3. Chapter (Answer)
1. Which category of inference assumes an effect would unlikely be due to chance?
inferences about constructs
statistical inferences
causal inferences
inferences about generalizability

4. Chapter 10
2. Which type of validity would be in question if a math exam measured memorization ability and not necessarily mathematical understanding?
construct
statistical conclusion
internal
external

5. Chapter (Answer)
2. Which type of validity would be in question if a math exam measured memorization ability and not necessarily mathematical understanding?
construct
statistical conclusion
internal
external

6. Chapter 10
3. Which type of validity relies on assumptions and even when findings are robust, violations of these assumptions must be minimized?
internal
external
construct
statistical conclusion

7. Chapter (Answer)
3. Which type of validity relies on assumptions and even when findings are robust, violations of these assumptions must be minimized?
internal
external
construct
statistical conclusion

8. Chapter 10 4. Internal validity does NOT concern:
ruling out other plausible explanations.
control of confounding variables.
the generalizability of findings.
the assumption that one variable had a causal effect on another.

9. Chapter 10 (Answer) 4. Internal validity does NOT concern:
ruling out other plausible explanations.
control of confounding variables.
the generalizability of findings.
the assumption that one variable had a causal effect on another.

10. Chapter 10
5. Which is NOT an area of generalizability addressed through external validity?
generalizability across development
generalizability across populations
generalizability across settings
generalizability across species

11. Chapter (Answer)
5. Which is NOT an area of generalizability addressed through external validity?
generalizability across development
generalizability across populations
generalizability across settings
generalizability across species

12. Chapter 10
6. During a study of romantic relationship happiness, numerous participants break-up with their partners. This is an example of which source of threat?
history
maturation
testing
instrumentation

13. Chapter (Answer)
6. During a study of romantic relationship happiness, numerous participants break-up with their partners. This is an example of which source of threat?
history
maturation
testing
instrumentation

14. Chapter 10
7. Which source of threat involves participants dropping out of the study?
regression to the mean
attrition
selection
history

15. Chapter (Answer)
7. Which source of threat involves participants dropping out of the study?
regression to the mean
attrition
selection
history

16. Chapter 10
8. The key to addressing many threats to internal validity is through:
replication.
a large number of trials.
randomization.
large sample sizes.

17. Chapter (Answer)
8. The key to addressing many threats to internal validity is through:
replication.
a large number of trials.
randomization.
large sample sizes.

18. Chapter 10
9. Which refers to a group of randomly selected participants who do not initially receive treatment, but do so after the experiment ends?
differential attrition
randomized control trial
wait-list control group
replication

19. Chapter (Answer)
9. Which refers to a group of randomly selected participants who do not initially receive treatment, but do so after the experiment ends?
differential attrition
randomized control trial
wait-list control group
replication

20. Chapter 10
10. Which is an example of a response to demand characteristics?
a participant performing poorly on a writing task because it is difficult
a participant answering honestly on a survey of sexual behavior
a participant responding quickly on a memory task because they believe it is timed
a participant showing up late to an experiment because they do not care

21. Chapter (Answer)
10. Which is an example of a response to demand characteristics?
a participant performing poorly on a writing task because it is difficult
a participant answering honestly on a survey of sexual behavior
a participant responding quickly on a memory task because they believe it is timed
a participant showing up late to an experiment because they do not care

22. Chapter 10
11. Which is NOT an effective way to reduce experimenter expectancy effects?
rigorous training of experimenters
automating instructions and procedures
masking
telling experimenters of the hypothesis

23. Chapter (Answer)
11. Which is NOT an effective way to reduce experimenter expectancy effects?
rigorous training of experimenters
automating instructions and procedures
masking
telling experimenters of the hypothesis

24. Chapter 10
12. In an experiment, all participants are given coffee to drink to look at the effects on hyperactivity. Which group would receive decaffeinated coffee (but believe it to be caffeinated)?
control group
placebo control group
experimental group
yoked control group

25. Chapter (Answer)
12. In an experiment, all participants are given coffee to drink to look at the effects on hyperactivity. Which group would receive decaffeinated coffee (but believe it to be caffeinated)?
control group
placebo control group
experimental group
yoked control group

26. Chapter 10
13. If all participants in an experiment score really high on a measure, and we are not sure if they could’ve done better because they “maxed out” on the measure, it would be an example of (a):
ceiling effect.
floor effect.
regression to the mean.
sensitivity.

27. Chapter (Answer)
13. If all participants in an experiment score really high on a measure, and we are not sure if they could’ve done better because they “maxed out” on the measure, it would be an example of (a):
ceiling effect.
floor effect.
regression to the mean.
sensitivity.

28. Chapter 10
14. After experimental procedures are complete, participants may receive additional information regarding the expectations of the study. This is called:
debriefing.
manipulation check.
sensitivity.
pilot study.

29. Chapter (Answer)
14. After experimental procedures are complete, participants may receive additional information regarding the expectations of the study. This is called:
debriefing.
manipulation check.
sensitivity.
pilot study.

30. Chapter 10
15. Which type of replication involves adding a new design element to the original study?
pilot study
direct replication
conceptual replication
replication and extension

31. Chapter (Answer)
15. Which type of replication involves adding a new design element to the original study?
pilot study
direct replication
conceptual replication
replication and extension