1. The Cardiovascular System

2. Fun Facts About The Heart
The heart pumps 1.3 gallons (5L) per MINUTE!
2,000 gallons a DAY
Weighs less than 1lbs
Size of your fist
72-82 beats per MINUTE
3 billion beats per LIFETIME
Apex directed toward left hip, and rest on diaphragm

4. Functions Of the Cardiovascular System
Maintenance of body’s pH levels (acids and bases
Removal of CO2 & other wastes
Assistance with immune function
TRANSPORTATION
Oxygen
Nutrients
Hormones
Gases
EVERYTHING!
Regulation of body temperature through vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

5. Four Chambers of the Heart
Atria – on top
Collecting chambers
Atrium is singular!
Ventricles – on bottom
Powerful pumps
Left ventricle has thickest wall because it pumps blood to rest of body!

7. Atrioventricular (AV) Valves
Located between the atrial and ventricular chambers
Left AV Valve:
Bicuspid (Mitral) valve
2 cusps
Right AV Valve:
Tricuspid valve
3 cusps
OPEN during heart relaxation and CLOSED when ventricles contracting

8. The Valves The heart is equipped with four valves…
Allow blood to flow in only ONE direction through the heart chambers
Have cusps (flaps) that open & close

9. The Valves
AV valves have chordae tendinae (“heart strings”) which are connected to papillary muscles.
Each time the ventricle contracts, the papillary muscle pulls the AV valve closed

10. FYI: Why the special name for the bicuspid valve?
Early anatomists thought that the bicuspid (mitral) valve looked like a bishop’s miter (their funny hat)

12. Semilunar Valves
Guards the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve (right)
Aortic Semilunar Valve (left)
Both have THREE cusps
CLOSED during heart relaxation and OPEN when ventricles contracting
Blood Circulation
Heart Valves

16. Second heart sound or “dub” -
Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves close at beginning of ventricular diastole

17. Heart Supporting Structures
Superior Vena Cava: carries oxygen-poor blood from body to heart (right atrium)
Inferior Vena Cava: carries oxygen- poor blood from body to heart (right atrium)

18. Heart Supporting Structures
Pulmonary trunk: carries oxygen-poor blood from heart (right ventricle) to pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary arteries: carries oxygen-poor blood from pulmonary trunk to lungs
Only artery to carry O2 poor blood!

19. Heart Supporting Structures
Pulmonary Veins: carries oxygen-rich blood from lungs to heart (left atrium)
Only vein to carry O2 rich blood!
Aorta: carries oxygen- rich blood from heart (left ventricle) to body
Largest artery in body

20. The heart does 2 types of circulation…
Pulmonary Circulation
Leaves from right side of heart
Delivers CO2 waste to lungs, and picks up O2 to take back to heart
Returns to left side of heart
Systemic Circulation
Leaves from left side of heart
Delivers O2 and nutrients to body, and picks up CO2 to take back
Returns to right side of heart

23. Blood Supply to Heart
The blood supply that oxygenates and nourishes the heart itself (myocardium) is provided by the right & left CORONARY ARTERIES, which branch from the base of the AORTA and encircle the heart in the ATRIOVENTRICULAR GROOVE.

24. Coronary arteries branch off from the base of the aorta
Right Coronary Artery breaks into…
Posterior interventricular (on back side of heart)
Marginal
Left Coronary Artery breaks into…
Anterior interventricular
Circumflex

27. Blood Supply to Heart
The heart (myocardium) is drained by several CARDIAC VEINS, which empty into the CORONARY SINUS, which in turn, empties into the RIGHT ATRIUM.

28. Cardiac Veins include…
Great cardiac vein
Anterior cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein (on posterior side of heart)

32. Labeling The Heart A: Aortic Arch (Aorta) B: Superior Vena Cava
C: (Right) Pulmonary Veins
D: Right Atrium
E: Tricuspid Valve
AB: Right Ventricle
AC: Inferior Vena Cava

33. Labeling The Heart AD: (Left) Pulmonary Artery AE: Left Atrium
BC: Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
BD: Aortic Semilunar Valve
BE: Left Ventricle
CD: Aorta

34. Labeling The Heart Let’s Also Label… Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Septum
Apex