1. Chapter 4: Applications Using Demand and Supply

2. EXHIBIT 4.1 Price Supports and Surpluses

3. EXHIBIT 4.2 Price Ceilings and Shortages

4. EXHIBIT 4.3 The Impact of a Per-Unit Subsidy

5. EXHIBIT 4.4 The Impact of an Excise Tax

6. EXHIBIT 4.5 Perfectly Inelastic and Perfectly Elastic Demand Curves

7. EXHIBIT 4.6 How Elasticity Changes along a Hypothetical Demand Curve for Gasoline

8. EXHIBIT 4.7 Elasticity and Total Revenue

9. EXHIBIT 4.8 The Impact of an Excise Tax

10. EXHIBIT A4.1 The Effect of Time on the Elasticity of Supply

11. EXHIBIT A4.2 Excise Taxes and the Elasticity of Supply