1. BUILDING CIRCUITS:
Schematics

2. Circuit Schematic Battery Switch Series Parallel
OUTCOME QUESTION(S):
S1-3-13:
What is a schematic and how are they used as information for a circuit?
Vocabulary & Concepts 
Circuit Schematic Battery Switch Series Parallel

3. Basic Circuit must have: Source Conducting loop (wire) Load
The flow of electrons through an unbroken conducting loop is called a circuit
Basic Circuit must have:
Source
Conducting loop (wire)
Load
The load could be any device that makes use of the energy or a resistor

4. Schematic: a representative drawing of the components of a system including symbols.+
Cell
Switch (open)
Battery
Switch (closed)
Wire
Voltmeter
Resistor
Ammeter
Load
Motor - ● + ● -
The reason the word “system” is used is because a schematic can be used in electronics, building, manufacturing…

5. Long stroke = (+) electrode Short stroke = (-) electrode e-
For the source:
Long stroke = (+) electrode
Short stroke = (-) electrode e- ● + -
Battery: multiple cells connected in a row (series) e-
Including the (+) and (-) isn’t necessary on the cell/battery but the direction the charges travel in the circuit must be known

6. Circuits can be opened or closed by a switch:● + - ● e-
Open circuit (off)
Closed circuit (on)

7. In series the electrons pass through every component of the circuit
Series circuit: only one path for the current ●
In series the electrons pass through every component of the circuit

8. Parallel circuit: multiple pathways for current●
Notice there can be multiple ideas present in one circuit:
Here the cells are in series but the resistors are in parallel
Where the wire splits or meets up again is called a junction

9. Voltmeter in parallel to component Ammeter in series with the circuit
Measures energy difference
Count electrons per second ● ● e- e-
Voltmeter in parallel to component
Ammeter in series with the circuit

10. Series: electrons pass through every circuit component
Draw a schematic circuit of a 9.0 V battery, an ammeter, and a 25  resistor in series. Add a voltmeter measuring the voltage drop across the resistor.
Series: electrons pass through every circuit component

11. 4 – 1.5 V cells in series 1 – closed switch
Schematic:
4 – 1.5 V cells in series 1 – closed switch
2 – 0.50  resistors in series 1 – bulb
1 – voltmeter across cells
Show the direction in which the current flows. ●

12. Parallel: electrons pass through each branch of circuit
Draw a schematic of a parallel circuit consisting of a 9.0 V electrical source, three 5.0  resistors, an open switch controlling the electron flow in the entire circuit. ●
Parallel: electrons pass through each branch of circuit

13. Add a second switch that can control the flow of electrons to one resistor only.● ● ● ●
Since the circuit is parallel, electrons can continue through other branches that are still open – like cars taking different routes in the city

14. CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS? S1-3-13:
What is a schematic and how are they used as information for a circuit?
Vocabulary & Concepts 
Circuit Schematic Battery Switch Series Parallel

15. CIRCUITS:
Series
Vs.
Parallel

16. OUTCOME QUESTION(S): S1-3-17: Vocabulary & Concepts
What are the similarities and differences between series and parallel circuits?
Vocabulary & Concepts 

17. Three key statements of electric circuits:
Voltage and current are directly related.
2. Voltage and resistance are directly related.
3. Current and resistance are inversely related
more energy ( voltage)
+ same obstacles
move faster ( current)
The opposite is true: less energy ( voltage) will mean less speed ( current) for the electrons

18. 2. Voltage and resistance are directly related.
more obstacles ( resistance)
+ same speed
more energy ( voltage)
The opposite is true: less obstacles ( resistance) requires less energy ( voltage) from the electrons

19. 3. Current and resistance are inversely related.
more obstacles ( resistance)
+ same energy
less speed ( current)
The opposite is true: more obstacles ( resistance) will mean less speed ( current) for the electrons

20. Electrons pushed through all cells in series – add them up
Series circuit: one path
Electrons pushed through all cells in series – add them up ●
1.5 V
4.5 V
1.5 V
3.0 V
1.5 V
Total potential (voltage) of the electrons is the sum of the cells in series

21. Series circuit: one path
Overall current in the circuit decreases
as more resistors are added in series
Bulbs get dimmer - more resistance will mean less current and less energy per second to the bulbs

22. Series circuit: one path
Electrons move at constant speed - measured anywhere
Current is the same at any point
Different resistors take different amounts of energy to get past
Sum of drop by all components equals total voltage supplied by source

23. Electrons pushed through only one branch – energy of one
Parallel circuit: multiple pathways
Electrons pushed through only one branch – energy of one ●
Since cells are splitting current of the circuit each cell lasts longer
1.5 V
1.5 V OR
Total potential of the electrons is the voltage of a single branch in parallel

24. Parallel circuit: multiple pathways
Overall current in the circuit increases
as more resistors are added in parallel
Bulbs get brighter: more junctions (pathways) increases current which means more energy per second to the bulbs

25. Parallel circuit: multiple pathways
Electrons move quickest through the weakest resistors
Sum of all branches equals total current at the junction
Electrons lose all energy through circuit – regardless of path
Drop in each branch same as total voltage supplied by the source

26. SERIES PARALLEL One path Multiple paths
Removing a component kills circuit
Current flows in other branches if one is broken
Total voltage is sum ALL cells
Voltage is same as single branch
(but it lasts longer)
Sum of voltage drop by ALL components equals the total voltage supplied by source
Voltage drop in EACH branch equals the total voltage supplied by the source
Total current is the same at any point
Total current before or after the junction is the sum of current in all branches

27. What will happen to the current in the circuit below for each case:
the switch is closed
the switch is closed and bulb 1 is removed
the switch is closed and bulb 5 is removed
Main current flowing - All bulbs will be “on”
Main current cut - all bulbs will be “off”
Current cut in branch 5 only - 1,2,3,4 will be “on”

28. Find the unknown voltage, V and current, A:
Sum of all branches equals total current at the junction
Drop in each branch same as total voltage supplied by the source

29. Building Series Labs

30. CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS? S1-3-17:
What are the similarities and differences between series and parallel circuits?
Vocabulary & Concepts