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BUILDING CIRCUITS: Schematics
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Circuit Schematic Battery Switch Series Parallel
OUTCOME QUESTION(S): S1-3-13: What is a schematic and how are they used as information for a circuit? Vocabulary & Concepts Circuit Schematic Battery Switch Series Parallel
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Basic Circuit must have: Source Conducting loop (wire) Load
The flow of electrons through an unbroken conducting loop is called a circuit Basic Circuit must have: Source Conducting loop (wire) Load The load could be any device that makes use of the energy or a resistor
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Schematic: a representative drawing of the components of a system including symbols.
+ Cell Switch (open) Battery Switch (closed) Wire Voltmeter Resistor Ammeter Load Motor - ● + ● - The reason the word “system” is used is because a schematic can be used in electronics, building, manufacturing…
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Long stroke = (+) electrode Short stroke = (-) electrode e-
For the source: Long stroke = (+) electrode Short stroke = (-) electrode e- ● + - Battery: multiple cells connected in a row (series) e- Including the (+) and (-) isn’t necessary on the cell/battery but the direction the charges travel in the circuit must be known
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Circuits can be opened or closed by a switch:
● + - ● e- Open circuit (off) Closed circuit (on)
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In series the electrons pass through every component of the circuit
Series circuit: only one path for the current ● In series the electrons pass through every component of the circuit
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Parallel circuit: multiple pathways for current
● Notice there can be multiple ideas present in one circuit: Here the cells are in series but the resistors are in parallel Where the wire splits or meets up again is called a junction
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Voltmeter in parallel to component Ammeter in series with the circuit
Measures energy difference Count electrons per second ● ● e- e- Voltmeter in parallel to component Ammeter in series with the circuit
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Series: electrons pass through every circuit component
Draw a schematic circuit of a 9.0 V battery, an ammeter, and a 25 resistor in series. Add a voltmeter measuring the voltage drop across the resistor. Series: electrons pass through every circuit component
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4 – 1.5 V cells in series 1 – closed switch
Schematic: 4 – 1.5 V cells in series 1 – closed switch 2 – 0.50 resistors in series 1 – bulb 1 – voltmeter across cells Show the direction in which the current flows. ●
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Parallel: electrons pass through each branch of circuit
Draw a schematic of a parallel circuit consisting of a 9.0 V electrical source, three 5.0 resistors, an open switch controlling the electron flow in the entire circuit. ● Parallel: electrons pass through each branch of circuit
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Add a second switch that can control the flow of electrons to one resistor only.
● ● ● ● Since the circuit is parallel, electrons can continue through other branches that are still open – like cars taking different routes in the city
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CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS? S1-3-13:
What is a schematic and how are they used as information for a circuit? Vocabulary & Concepts Circuit Schematic Battery Switch Series Parallel
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CIRCUITS: Series Vs. Parallel
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OUTCOME QUESTION(S): S1-3-17: Vocabulary & Concepts
What are the similarities and differences between series and parallel circuits? Vocabulary & Concepts
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Three key statements of electric circuits:
Voltage and current are directly related. 2. Voltage and resistance are directly related. 3. Current and resistance are inversely related more energy ( voltage) + same obstacles move faster ( current) The opposite is true: less energy ( voltage) will mean less speed ( current) for the electrons
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2. Voltage and resistance are directly related.
more obstacles ( resistance) + same speed more energy ( voltage) The opposite is true: less obstacles ( resistance) requires less energy ( voltage) from the electrons
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3. Current and resistance are inversely related.
more obstacles ( resistance) + same energy less speed ( current) The opposite is true: more obstacles ( resistance) will mean less speed ( current) for the electrons
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Electrons pushed through all cells in series – add them up
Series circuit: one path Electrons pushed through all cells in series – add them up ● 1.5 V 4.5 V 1.5 V 3.0 V 1.5 V Total potential (voltage) of the electrons is the sum of the cells in series
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Series circuit: one path
Overall current in the circuit decreases as more resistors are added in series Bulbs get dimmer - more resistance will mean less current and less energy per second to the bulbs
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Series circuit: one path
Electrons move at constant speed - measured anywhere Current is the same at any point Different resistors take different amounts of energy to get past Sum of drop by all components equals total voltage supplied by source
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Electrons pushed through only one branch – energy of one
Parallel circuit: multiple pathways Electrons pushed through only one branch – energy of one ● Since cells are splitting current of the circuit each cell lasts longer 1.5 V 1.5 V OR Total potential of the electrons is the voltage of a single branch in parallel
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Parallel circuit: multiple pathways
Overall current in the circuit increases as more resistors are added in parallel Bulbs get brighter: more junctions (pathways) increases current which means more energy per second to the bulbs
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Parallel circuit: multiple pathways
Electrons move quickest through the weakest resistors Sum of all branches equals total current at the junction Electrons lose all energy through circuit – regardless of path Drop in each branch same as total voltage supplied by the source
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SERIES PARALLEL One path Multiple paths
Removing a component kills circuit Current flows in other branches if one is broken Total voltage is sum ALL cells Voltage is same as single branch (but it lasts longer) Sum of voltage drop by ALL components equals the total voltage supplied by source Voltage drop in EACH branch equals the total voltage supplied by the source Total current is the same at any point Total current before or after the junction is the sum of current in all branches
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What will happen to the current in the circuit below for each case:
the switch is closed the switch is closed and bulb 1 is removed the switch is closed and bulb 5 is removed Main current flowing - All bulbs will be “on” Main current cut - all bulbs will be “off” Current cut in branch 5 only - 1,2,3,4 will be “on”
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Find the unknown voltage, V and current, A:
Sum of all branches equals total current at the junction Drop in each branch same as total voltage supplied by the source
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Building Series Labs
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CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS? S1-3-17:
What are the similarities and differences between series and parallel circuits? Vocabulary & Concepts
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