1. The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Module 10
The Nervous and Endocrine Systems

2. Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Brain
Spinal Cord
Autonomic System
Somatic System
Sympathetic System
Parasympathetic System

3. The Inner and Outer Parts of the Nervous System
Central
Nervous
System
Peripheral
Nervous
System

4. Nervous System Central Nervous System – brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
Nerves – bundled axons that link the central nervous system and the muscles, glands, and sense organs
Sensory Neurons (afferent) – carry incoming messages from sensory receptors to brain and spinal cord
Motor Neurons (efferent) - carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
Interneurons – within brain and spinal cord that communicate between sensory inputs and motor outputs

5. Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System – controls the body’s skeletal muscles
Autonomic Nervous System – controls the glands and muscles of internal organs
Sympathetic Nervous System – arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
Parasympathetic Nervous System – calms the body, conserving its energy after stressful situation is over

6. Central nervous system
Brain
Billions of neurons
Neural networks – interconnected neural cells that form from experience and feedback
Spinal Cord – two-way information highway connecting the peripheral nervous system and the brain
Governs our reflexes – simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus
Simple reflex – single sensory, interneuron, and motor
Pain reflex – happens before pain message reaches brain

7. Endocrine System
Endocrine system – the body’s slow chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
Hormones – chemical messengers manufactured by endocrine glands that travel through the bloodstream and affect other tissue
Nervous system(fast, neurotransmitters, electrochemical) and endocrine system(slow, hormones, chemical) function similarly and communicate together

8. Endocrine glands/hormones
Pituitary Gland – Located in core of brain; controlled by hypothalamus
Releases growth hormone
Oxytocin – enables contractions for birth, milk flow, and orgasm; also promotes pair bonding, group cohesion, and social trust
Master gland – controls many glands
Connection between nervous and endocrine systems
Adrenal Gland – above kidneys and releases epinephrine and norepinephrine. (adrenaline/noradrenaline)
Increase heart rate, blood pressure, & blood sugar to increase energy in times of stress

9. Endocrine glands/hormones
Thyroid – controls metabolism; secretes thyroxin
Parathyroid – helps regulate level of calcium in blood
Pineal – secretes melatonin to control sleep patterns
Pancreas – regulates the level of sugar in blood; secretes insulin.
Sex Glands: Testes secrete testosterone
Ovaries secrete estrogen,
progesterone