1. Erik Erikson

2. Early Years born in Frankfort, Germany, 1902
didn’t learn until later he was adopted by Dr. Homburger
studied art

3. Early Years
went to Vienna to teach - didn’t even have a college degree
studied psychoanalysis with Freud at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute

4. Early Professional Life
became a prominent child psychoanalyst (new field)
moved to U.S. in 1933
Boston’s first child analyst
position at Harvard
taught at Yale’s Institute of Human Relations
first important book published in 1950, Child-hood and Society

5. Later Years professor at the University of California
Returned to Harvard until 1970
became Sr. consultant in psychiatry, Mt. Zion Hospital, San Francisco
Died in 1994, age 92

6. Career Milestones was considered most influential psychoanalyst alive
addressed identity, status of women, developmental crises
learned from Freud, but expanded theory

7. Development of Psychosocial Stages
used psychohistorical method - studied Hitler, Kierkegaard, Gandhi
used therapy situation to acquire information and check out ideas
ego identity is main area of concern
ego is mainly unconscious
stresses influence of culture and social interaction
eight stages, each has a negative (crises) and positive pole

8. Stage I Trust vs. Mistrust (Hope) Ages 0 to 1 Year Infancy
infants need to feel cared for and loved
trust within and without - trust of self as well as others
rejected children are more fearful, insecure, jealous, aggressive, hostile, isolated - mistrustful

9. Stage 2 Self-Reliance vs
Stage 2 Self-Reliance vs. Self-Doubt (will) Ages 1 to 3 Years Early Childhood
awareness of emerging skills develops
need to be taken seriously
positive resolution includes acceptance of negative feelings - rage, anger, hatred - as well as independence

10. Stage 3 Initiative vs. Guilt (purpose) Ages 3 to 6 years Preschool Age
child decides what kind of person to be
initiative comes with freedom and opportunity to initiate motor play and intellectual pursuits
guilt comes from being made to feel bad about self-initiated activities and ideas

11. Stage 4 Industry vs. Inferiority (competence) Ages 6 to 12 Years School Age
academic tasks: reading, writing, math
physical tasks: sports, manual dexterity
social tasks: making friends, following rules, sharing ideas
industry is orientation toward working, doing, producing

12. Stage 5 Identity vs. Role-Confusion ( fidelity) Ages 12 to 18 Years Adolescence & Teen
time of psychological and physiological revolution
firm self-image is formed
must develop strong identity - sexual, personal
time to select work goals, career
lack of identity = inability to progress successfully

13. Stage 6 Intimacy vs. Isolation (love) Ages 18 to 35 Years Early Adulthood
intimacy is the ability to care deeply for another person
the ability to share one’s true feelings
the ability to give and receive affection
isolation leads to self-absorption and “social death”

14. Stage 7 Generativity vs. Stagnation (care) Ages 35 to 55 Middle Age
become more aware of eventual death
question life-style, goals choices
motivation to have impact outside of family
care represents concern for others and need to give to next generation
stagnation reflects preoccupation with self only

15. Stage 8 Integrity vs. Despair (wisdom) Ages 55 to 65 to death old age
wisdom comes from a meaningful life
integrity reflects the life well-lived
with integrity, one can accept death
despair reflects a wish to do it over correctly
with despair, one does not find peace