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Chapter Resources
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earth.msscience.com
Image Bank
Foldables
Video Clips and Animations
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Standardized Test Practice

2. earth.msscience.com

3. Image Bank
Click on individual thumbnail images to view larger versions.

4. Image Bank
Transfer Images
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5. Image Bank
Volcano Eruption

6. Image Bank
Lava Flow

7. Image Bank
Intrusive Rock Forms

8. Image Bank
Extrusive Rock Forms

9. Image Bank
Gabbro Rock

10. Image Bank
Granite

11. Image Bank
Slate

12. Image Bank
Altered Rock

13. Image Bank
Gneiss

14. Image Bank
Lincoln Memorial

15. Image Bank
Sandstone

16. Image Bank
Erosion

17. Image Bank
Compaction

18. Image Bank
Minerals Crystallize

19. Image Bank
Conglomerate

20. Image Bank
Shale

21. Image Bank
Siltstone

22. Image Bank
Cement Driveway

23. Image Bank
Rock Salt

24. Image Bank
Chalk

25. Foldables
Major Rock Types
Make the following Foldable to help you organize facts about types of rocks.

26. Foldables
Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise. Make the back edge about 5 cm longer than the front edge.

27. Turn the paper so the fold is on the bottom. Then fold it into thirds.
Foldables
Turn the paper so the fold is on the bottom. Then fold it into thirds.

28. Unfold and cut only the top layer along both folds to make three tabs.
Foldables
Unfold and cut only the top layer along both folds to make three tabs.

29. Label the Foldable as shown.
Foldables
Label the Foldable as shown.

30. Make an Organizational Study Fold
Foldables
Make an Organizational Study Fold
As you read the chapter, write and illustrate what you learn about the three main types of rocks in your study fold.

31. Video Clips
Click image to view movie.

32. Reviewing Main Ideas 1
The Rock Cycle
A rock is a mixture of one or more minerals, rock fragments, organic matter, or volcanic glass.
The rock cycle includes all processes by which rocks form.

33. Magma and lava are molten materials that harden to form igneous rocks.
Reviewing Main Ideas 2
Igneous Rocks
Magma and lava are molten materials that harden to form igneous rocks.
Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools slowly below Earth’s surface. Extrusive igneous rocks form when lava cools rapidly at the surface.
The compositions of most igneous rocks range from granitic to andesitic to basaltic.

34. Heat, pressure, and fluids can cause metamorphic rocks to form.
Reviewing Main Ideas 3
Metamorphic Rocks
Heat, pressure, and fluids can cause metamorphic rocks to form.
Slate and gneiss are examples of foliated metamorphic rocks. Quartzite and marble are examples of nonfoliated metamorphic rocks.

35. Reviewing Main Ideas 4
Sedimentary Rocks
Detrital sedimentary rocks form when fragments of rocks and minerals are compacted and cemented together.
Chemical sedimentary rocks come out of solution or are left behind by evaporation.
Organic sedimentary rocks contain the remains of once-living organisms.

36. Question 1 What process causes metamorphic rocks to change to magma?
Chapter Review
Question 1
What process causes metamorphic rocks to change to magma?
A. cooling
B. erosion
C. melting
D. weathering

37. Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is C. When metamorphic rock melts it changes to magma.

38. Question 2 What determines the grain size of an igneous rock?
Chapter Review
Question 2
What determines the grain size of an igneous rock?
A. amount of pressure on molten rock
B. amount of trapped gas in magma
C. rate of cooling of magma
D. rate of melting of sedimentary layer

39. Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is C. The faster magma cools, the smaller the grain size of the igneous rock. Rocks with few or no mineral grains can still have holes resulting from trapped gases.

40. Question 3 Which of the following is a chemical sedimentary rock?
Chapter Review
Question 3
Which of the following is a chemical sedimentary rock?
A. chalk
B. coal
C. limestone
D. sandstone

41. Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is C. Limestone forms when calcium carbonate comes out of solution as calcite and its many crystals grow together.

42. Chapter Review
Question 4
If sedimentary rock layers were not disturbed after they were deposited, which layer would be the youngest?
A. the one at the bottom
B. the one at the top
C. the one in the middle
D. the one that is thickest

43. Chapter Review
Answer
The correct answer is B. The rock layer at the bottom would be the oldest.

44. Chapter Review
Question 5
Which of the following detrital sedimentary rocks is composed of sediments with sharp angles?
A. breccia
B. sandstone
C. shale
D. siltstone

45. Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is A. Conglomerate and breccia both form from large sediments.

46. Question 1 What type of rock is represented in the table? Magma Type
Standardized Test Practice
Question 1
What type of rock is represented in the table?
Magma Type
Basaltic
Andesitic
Granitic
Intrusive
Gabbro
Diorite
Granite
Extrusive
Basalt
Andesite
Pumice
Rhyolite
Obsidian

47. A. foliated B. igneous C. metamorphic D. sedimentary Magma Type
Standardized Test Practice
Magma Type
Basaltic
Andesitic
Granitic
Intrusive
Gabbro
Diorite
Granite
Extrusive
Basalt
Andesite
Pumice
Rhyolite
Obsidian
A. foliated
B. igneous
C. metamorphic
D. sedimentary

48. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. Rocks formed from cooling magma are igneous rocks. They are either intrusive or extrusive, depending on where the cooling magma was located.

49. Standardized Test Practice
Question 2
Which of the rocks in this table is rich in iron and magnesium, poor in silica, and forms below Earth’s surface?
Magma Type
Basaltic
Andesitic
Granitic
Intrusive
Gabbro
Diorite
Granite
Extrusive
Basalt
Andesite
Pumice
Rhyolite
Obsidian

50. A. andesite B. diorite C. gabbro D. granite Magma Type Basaltic
Standardized Test Practice
Magma Type
Basaltic
Andesitic
Granitic
Intrusive
Gabbro
Diorite
Granite
Extrusive
Basalt
Andesite
Pumice
Rhyolite
Obsidian
A. andesite
B. diorite
C. gabbro
D. granite

51. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is C. Gabbro is an intrusive, basaltic igneous rock formed from iron– and magnesium-rich magma.

52. Question 3 What is the substance labeled “B”? A. extrusion B. lava
Standardized Test Practice
Question 3
What is the substance labeled “B”?
A. extrusion
B. lava
C. magma
D. scoria

53. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is C. Magma is molten material below Earth’s surface. Lava is magma that flows from volcanoes at Earth’s surface.

54. Question 4 Which type of rock is formed at A? A. basalt B. diorite
Standardized Test Practice
Question 4
Which type of rock is formed at A?
A. basalt
B. diorite
C. gabbro
D. granite

55. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is A. Extrusive rocks form at Earth’s surface. Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock. Diorite, gabbro, and granite are all intrusive igneous rocks.

56. Question 5 Which type of rock is formed at B? A. basalt B. granite
Standardized Test Practice
Question 5
Which type of rock is formed at B?
A. basalt
B. granite
C. pumice
D. scoria

57. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. Intrusive rocks form below Earth’s surface. Basalt, pumice and scoria are all extrusive igneous rocks.

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